The Heresy Of Galileo Essay Example For Students

The Heresy Of Galileo Essay ? THE HERESY OF GALILEOGalileo was condemned by the Inquisition, not for his own brilliant theories, but becausehe stood up for his belief in Copernicuss theory that the earth was not, as the Church insisted, thecenter of the universe, but that rather, the universe is heliocentric. Galileo was a man oftremendous intellect and imagination living in a era dominated by the Catholic Church, whichattempted to control the people by dictating their own version of reality. Any person whopublicly questioned Church doctrine ran the chance of condemnation and punishment. If mancould think, man could question, and the Church could lose its authority over the masses. Thiscould not be tolerated in the 17th century, when the Church had the power to dictate reality. Copernicus probably avoided a similar fate by confining his opinions to his students and theuniversity milieu, and in fact his theories were not published until the time of his death. We will write a custom essay on The Heresy Of Galileo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To be tried by the Inquisition was something that nobody could take lightly. Although inGalileos time the Inquisition was becoming more and more lenient, it was known to have usedtorture in the past and to have sent many heretics to burn at the stake. As late as 1600, this fatehad befallen the Italian thinker Giordano Bruno, a one-time Dominican friar who had adopted apantheistic philosophy of nature. From the summer of 1605, Galileo was private tutor of mathematics to young PrinceCosimo de Medici, son of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Teacher and pupil became sincerelyattached to each other by mutual affection and deference, and this bond lasted to the end ofGalileos life. Galileo remained a good friend of the Grand Duke as well. In the summer of 1611,the Grand Duke invited Galileo to a dinner party at his court. The Duke liked to gather greatscholars around him, especially when he had illustrious guests, to hear them talk about issues ofinterest to the learned world. At this dinner the discussion centered on floating bodies. Galileomaintained that bodies can float only if their specific gravity is less than that of water. Among thedinner guests there were, however, some followers of Aristotles philosophies, and they arguedthat bodies float if their shape is wide and smooth so they cannot cut through the resistance of thewater. Floating bodies were a topic on which Galileo was especi ally knowledgeable, as he hadbeen interested in the subject since, when as a student, he had read Archimedes. He was able tosupport his point so brilliantly that one of the guests of honor, Maffeo Cardinal Barberini, sidedwith him. Years later, Cardinal Barberini became Pope Urban VIII and turned against Galileo,becoming one of his bitter enemies, but at that moment he was as congenial as one could be,sincerely admiring Galileos dialectical skill. Perhaps to please the Cardinal, the Grand Dukeasked Galileo to put his argument into writing, which he did. The result was The Discourse onFloating Bodies. Galileos sharp, almost sarcastic wit made him especially suited to arguments and debates,of which he was to have many in the following years. Some of these resulted in famous writingsthat added to his lasting glory; many antagonized people of his time and turned many of them intoenemies. The Peripatetics at the Grand Dukes table were not very dangerous as potential enemies,but his next adversary was. Even before the Discourse on Floating Bodies was published in1612, Galileo was engaged in a conflict with an astronomer whose name he did not know and wasnot to find out for over a year the Jesuit father Christopher Scheiner (1575-1650). In 1610,Galileo had claimed to be the first discoverer of sunspots; so had Father Scheiner, and the twohad entered into a bitter dispute. Father Scheiner had communicated his opinions on hisobservations of sunspots in several letters to Mark Welser, a German patron of science. Perhapsto avoid direct criticism, Scheiner wrote under a pen name. Mark Welser published Scheinersletters and sent them to Galileo for comment without revealing the name of the author. .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 , .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 .postImageUrl , .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 , .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842:hover , .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842:visited , .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842:active { border:0!important; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842:active , .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842 .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u84a6b80062d5037f48a4f7d0c24b7842:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Geography of Art EssayGalileo replied in three Letters on Sunspots addressed to Welser (in Italian, whichScheiner could not read and had to have translated, while Scheiner had not written in his nativeGerman, but in Latin). In his letters, Galileo severely criticized Scheiners views. The greatest significance of these Letters on Sunspots, as far as the Church wasconcerned, was that for the first time in print Galileo had openly endorsed Copernicuss theory asa reality and not as a mere hypothesis, and that he had used his own discoveries as proofs in favorof Copernicanism. Just as important, he had unwittingly antagonized a Jesuit, the first of many. The Jesuits were powerful in the Church, and in particular they were advisers on educationalmatters. It was unfortunate indeed that so many of them sooner or later should withdraw theirprevious friendship, respect, or even indifference toward Galileo to pass into the enemy camp. The trouble, however, initially came from other quarters. In 1613, Galileo learned fromFather Benedetto Castelli, one of his most beloved pupils, that in the course of a discussion at thecourt of Tuscany, the dowager Grand Duchess, Christina de Lorena, had taken the stand that theearth could not move because its motion would contradict the Holy Scriptures. Galileo decided that the time had come to explain his views on the relations betweenscience and faith. He did this in his Letter to Castelli, which he sent, in manuscript copies, notonly to his pupil Castelli, but also to several friends. Soon afterward, in his Letter to the GrandDuchess Cristina, he elaborated what he had written to Castelli. It was lofty and solemn andshowed that Galileos faith in nature and its laws went side by side with his faith in God. Itcontains passages which are among Galileos most beautifulToday, these views are widely shared and officially recognized by the Church. In fact, in1893, Pope Leo XIII wrote a paper which presented the churchs official point of view concerningthe relationships between science and scripture; this statement cannot be distinguished fromGalileos. Even in Galileos time, the highest authorities of the Church did not call his letters toCastelli and Cristina into question; but some in the Church did criticize them. To these few whohad l ittle understanding of new developments in science, Galileos writings seemed an outsidersinterference in religious matters. A Dominican friar denounced the Letter to Castelli to theInquisition. Another Dominican, Father Tomaso Caccini, who had once been disciplined for beinga scandal-maker, preached a sermon against Galileo in the popular church of Santa MariaNovella in Florence. He concluded by saying that mathematics was an art of the devil, thatmathematicians were the source of all heresies and should be ousted from all countries. Shortlyafterward, he too testified against Galileo before the Inquisition. Although there was secrecy surrounding the Inquisition, Galileo became aware of whatwas going on in Rome and decided his presence was needed there. He was warmly welcomedand stayed at the Villa Medici, the Tuscan embassy, on the Grand Dukes order. Although hisfriends strongly advised against it, Galileo immediately resumed his campaign in favor ofCopernicus through intense talks and discussions with almost everyone of importance in Romeand through several new writings. In fact, several cardinals did their best to persuade him to keepquiet in public about Copernicus, regardless of his private belief, but Galileo could not bedeterred. Ultimately, the Inquisition never really questioned the theological views that Galileo hadexpressed in his letters; and he was able to clear himself of charges of heresy and blasphemyconcerning the nature of God. The Inquisition, however, did denounce Galileo for his defense ofCopernicuss theories, and on order of the Pope, admonished Galileo that he was not to hold,teach, or defend the condemned opinion of Copernicus. A few days later, Copernicuss book, DeRevolutionibus, which had been dedicated to a Pope, and which the Pope had accepted, and withwhich the Church had found no fault until Galileo had started to present it as reality, wascondemned and prohibited until it should be corrected. Yet, the Roman Catholic Church hadtaken no action against Copernicuss books or his ideas until Galileo undertook his campaign toconvert the theologians. At the hands of Galileo, the heliocentric system threatened thegeocentric and, much more serious, Gods creation was becoming an object of direct humanobservation which could be interpreted without the help of the Scriptures or of religion. In short,Galileo was condemned because he could not keep his opinions to himself and could not resist thetemptation to expose the ignorance, deceit, and manipulation of the powerful religious leaders ofthe time. .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d , .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d .postImageUrl , .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d , .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d:hover , .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d:visited , .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d:active { border:0!important; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d:active , .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub2222b04f945ed9c76d5a9fb3ad9310d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay about The Secret Life of Bees Movie Review EssayHistory Essays The Heresy Of Galileo Essay Example For Students The Heresy Of Galileo Essay ? THE HERESY OF GALILEOGalileo was condemned by the Inquisition, not for his own brilliant theories, but becausehe stood up for his belief in Copernicuss theory that the earth was not, as the Church insisted, thecenter of the universe, but that rather, the universe is heliocentric. Galileo was a man oftremendous intellect and imagination living in a era dominated by the Catholic Church, whichattempted to control the people by dictating their own version of reality. Any person whopublicly questioned Church doctrine ran the chance of condemnation and punishment. If mancould think, man could question, and the Church could lose its authority over the masses. Thiscould not be tolerated in the 17th century, when the Church had the power to dictate reality. Copernicus probably avoided a similar fate by confining his opinions to his students and theuniversity milieu, and in fact his theories were not published until the time of his death. We will write a custom essay on The Heresy Of Galileo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To be tried by the Inquisition was something that nobody could take lightly. Although inGalileos time the Inquisition was becoming more and more lenient, it was known to have usedtorture in the past and to have sent many heretics to burn at the stake. As late as 1600, this fatehad befallen the Italian thinker Giordano Bruno, a one-time Dominican friar who had adopted apantheistic philosophy of nature. From the summer of 1605, Galileo was private tutor of mathematics to young PrinceCosimo de Medici, son of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Teacher and pupil became sincerelyattached to each other by mutual affection and deference, and this bond lasted to the end ofGalileos life. Galileo remained a good friend of the Grand Duke as well. In the summer of 1611,the Grand Duke invited Galileo to a dinner party at his court. The Duke liked to gather greatscholars around him, especially when he had illustrious guests, to hear them talk about issues ofinterest to the learned world. At this dinner the discussion centered on floating bodies. Galileomaintained that bodies can float only if their specific gravity is less than that of water. Among thedinner guests there were, however, some followers of Aristotles philosophies, and they arguedthat bodies float if their shape is wide and smooth so they cannot cut through the resistance of thewater. Floating bodies were a topic on which Galileo was especi ally knowledgeable, as he hadbeen interested in the subject since, when as a student, he had read Archimedes. He was able tosupport his point so brilliantly that one of the guests of honor, Maffeo Cardinal Barberini, sidedwith him. Years later, Cardinal Barberini became Pope Urban VIII and turned against Galileo,becoming one of his bitter enemies, but at that moment he was as congenial as one could be,sincerely admiring Galileos dialectical skill. Perhaps to please the Cardinal, the Grand Dukeasked Galileo to put his argument into writing, which he did. The result was The Discourse onFloating Bodies. Galileos sharp, almost sarcastic wit made him especially suited to arguments and debates,of which he was to have many in the following years. Some of these resulted in famous writingsthat added to his lasting glory; many antagonized people of his time and turned many of them intoenemies. The Peripatetics at the Grand Dukes table were not very dangerous as potential enemies,but his next adversary was. Even before the Discourse on Floating Bodies was published in1612, Galileo was engaged in a conflict with an astronomer whose name he did not know and wasnot to find out for over a year the Jesuit father Christopher Scheiner (1575-1650). In 1610,Galileo had claimed to be the first discoverer of sunspots; so had Father Scheiner, and the twohad entered into a bitter dispute. Father Scheiner had communicated his opinions on hisobservations of sunspots in several letters to Mark Welser, a German patron of science. Perhapsto avoid direct criticism, Scheiner wrote under a pen name. Mark Welser published Scheinersletters and sent them to Galileo for comment without revealing the name of the author. .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd , .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd .postImageUrl , .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd , .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd:hover , .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd:visited , .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd:active { border:0!important; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd:active , .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12c803ecc4125c2cb358d23337f654bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Respect EssayGalileo replied in three Letters on Sunspots addressed to Welser (in Italian, whichScheiner could not read and had to have translated, while Scheiner had not written in his nativeGerman, but in Latin). In his letters, Galileo severely criticized Scheiners views. The greatest significance of these Letters on Sunspots, as far as the Church wasconcerned, was that for the first time in print Galileo had openly endorsed Copernicuss theory asa reality and not as a mere hypothesis, and that he had used his own discoveries as proofs in favorof Copernicanism. Just as important, he had unwittingly antagonized a Jesuit, the first of many. The Jesuits were powerful in the Church, and in particular they were advisers on educationalmatters. It was unfortunate indeed that so many of them sooner or later should withdraw theirprevious friendship, respect, or even indifference toward Galileo to pass into the enemy camp. The trouble, however, initially came from other quarters. In 1613, Galileo learned fromFather Benedetto Castelli, one of his most beloved pupils, that in the course of a discussion at thecourt of Tuscany, the dowager Grand Duchess, Christina de Lorena, had taken the stand that theearth could not move because its motion would contradict the Holy Scriptures. Galileo decided that the time had come to explain his views on the relations betweenscience and faith. He did this in his Letter to Castelli, which he sent, in manuscript copies, notonly to his pupil Castelli, but also to several friends. Soon afterward, in his Letter to the GrandDuchess Cristina, he elaborated what he had written to Castelli. It was lofty and solemn andshowed that Galileos faith in nature and its laws went side by side with his faith in God. Itcontains passages which are among Galileos most beautifulToday, these views are widely shared and officially recognized by the Church. In fact, in1893, Pope Leo XIII wrote a paper which presented the churchs official point of view concerningthe relationships between science and scripture; this statement cannot be distinguished fromGalileos. Even in Galileos time, the highest authorities of the Church did not call his letters toCastelli and Cristina into question; but some in the Church did criticize them. To these few whohad l ittle understanding of new developments in science, Galileos writings seemed an outsidersinterference in religious matters. A Dominican friar denounced the Letter to Castelli to theInquisition. Another Dominican, Father Tomaso Caccini, who had once been disciplined for beinga scandal-maker, preached a sermon against Galileo in the popular church of Santa MariaNovella in Florence. He concluded by saying that mathematics was an art of the devil, thatmathematicians were the source of all heresies and should be ousted from all countries. Shortlyafterward, he too testified against Galileo before the Inquisition. Although there was secrecy surrounding the Inquisition, Galileo became aware of whatwas going on in Rome and decided his presence was needed there. He was warmly welcomedand stayed at the Villa Medici, the Tuscan embassy, on the Grand Dukes order. Although hisfriends strongly advised against it, Galileo immediately resumed his campaign in favor ofCopernicus through intense talks and discussions with almost everyone of importance in Romeand through several new writings. In fact, several cardinals did their best to persuade him to keepquiet in public about Copernicus, regardless of his private belief, but Galileo could not bedeterred. Ultimately, the Inquisition never really questioned the theological views that Galileo hadexpressed in his letters; and he was able to clear himself of charges of heresy and blasphemyconcerning the nature of God. The Inquisition, however, did denounce Galileo for his defense ofCopernicuss theories, and on order of the Pope, admonished Galileo that he was not to hold,teach, or defend the condemned opinion of Copernicus. A few days later, Copernicuss book, DeRevolutionibus, which had been dedicated to a Pope, and which the Pope had accepted, and withwhich the Church had found no fault until Galileo had started to present it as reality, wascondemned and prohibited until it should be corrected. Yet, the Roman Catholic Church hadtaken no action against Copernicuss books or his ideas until Galileo undertook his campaign toconvert the theologians. At the hands of Galileo, the heliocentric system threatened thegeocentric and, much more serious, Gods creation was becoming an object of direct humanobservation which could be interpreted without the help of the Scriptures or of religion. In short,Galileo was condemned because he could not keep his opinions to himself and could not resist thetemptation to expose the ignorance, deceit, and manipulation of the powerful religious leaders ofthe time. .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 , .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 .postImageUrl , .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 , .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70:hover , .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70:visited , .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70:active { border:0!important; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70:active , .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70 .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4dfabe5f3e5a9bb0caabe2c091585a70:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Job Satisfaction at Infosys and Its Implications for Motivating Employees at Infosys Sample EssayHistory Essays

English Pronunciation Exercises - U Sounding Vowels

English Pronunciation Exercises - U Sounding Vowels The following series of pronunciation exercises combines words beginning with the same consonant sound followed by similar vowel sounds. Voiced and voiceless consonants are paired (b - voiced / p - voiceless, d - voiced / t - voiceless, etc.) to help students compare and contrast similar consonant formation.   Repeat each line slowly, listen for the minor differences between the vowel and consonant sounds.Repeat each line three times. Each time repeat more quickly trying to keep the sounds distinct.Find a partner and listen to each other repeat the lines.Try to invent sentences using each sound at least once. For example, The butcher put on his boots but he forgot his hat.   Dont worry too much about the sentence making much sense! long uh as in put short uh as in up oo as in shoe butcher but boot put pup poof! duh duck do Tokay tough tooth good gulp Google cook cup cool soot supper suit Zeus Wazup? zoom shook shut shoot jut jump June churn Chuck choose hook hub who Sentences to Practice with Minimal U Sounds B - The butcher wanted to cook, but he forgot to wear the right boots. P - My teacher put the pup into the magic circle and it went poof! D - Duh! I shouldnt have let the duck do the dishes this evening. T - If you think the Tokay was OK, youll find the Chardonnay tough on the tooth. G - Just gulp your beer, and youll be good enough to Google the answers on the quiz. C - The wonderful cook cooled the cup of tomato soup before he served it.   S - The man walked in and shook the soot off of his suit before he sat to supper.   Z - Zeus said wazup to Thor as he zoomed through the Greek heavens.   SH - The boy wanted to shoot the kid who had shook him and told him to shut up. J - He jut his chin out and jumped into the air on a beautiful day in June. CH - Chuck told the students that they should choose carefully, and not churn through the mess. H - Janes mom, who was the hub of gossip in town, hooked everyone into something.    Vowel Sounds eh - as in let, ih - as in hit, ee - as in see, and ae- as in catlong ah - as in car, short ah - as in gotlong uh - as in put, short uh - as in up, oo - as in through Diphthong Sounds ay - as in day, ai - as in skyou - as in home, ow - as in mouse, oi - as in boyieh(r) - as in near, ehi(r) - as in hair

Portentous and Pretentious - Commonly Confused Words

Portentous and Pretentious - Commonly Confused Words The adjective portentous means ominous or momentous, referring to a sign or prediction that something important is about to happen. Portentous can also mean pompous or self-important. (This second meaning overlaps with that of pretentious.) The adjective pretentious means full of pretense, making excessive or unwarranted claims to be important or sophisticated. Notice how these two words are spelled: portentous ends in -tous; pretentious ends in -tious. Examples No one spoke. But they all knew this was a portentous moment, and that this day Mister Skye would say a thing that would affect their lives. (Richard S. Wheeler, North Star. Forge, 2009)The notepaper had been given her as a wedding present, embossed with a monogram of her new initials, by a Southampton aunt, boxes of it; Marcia had laughed, thinking it hideously pretentious, the essence of everything she had married Harold to escape, and used it so seldom, once the thank-you notes were written, that after twelve years it was not used up. (John Updike, Couples. Knopf, 1968)Elizabeth Bishops poetry is rarely portentous or grand, and never pretentious or grandiose. (Michael Ryan, A Difficult Grace: On Poets, Poetry, and Writing. University of Georgia Press, 2000)I must have parchment! Oh, but I like writing on parchment! Each time you turn a page it rumbles like thunder. My words are so portentousthats portentous, dear, not pretentious- it seems appropriate. Like Jove. (David Blixt, The Master of Verona. St. Martins Press, 2007) Usage Notes [P]ortentous can be either ominous (a portentous event) or pompous (his portentous attitude); pretentious means pretending to be important. Since a pretentious person can also be pompous/portentous, theres a risk of confusion with these words. Prefer ominous or pompous to portentous.  (Wynford Hicks, Quite Literally: Problem Words and How to Use Them. Routledge, 2004)The main distinction is that a portentous man just might be as important as he seems, but a pretentious one cannot be as important as he claims. (Kenneth G. Wilson, The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993)Portentous . . . used to mean portending evil; ominous and has come to mean pompous; self-important, possibly because it sounds like pretentious mixed with portly- but there is poetic justice in that, since pretentiousness can be ominous. (William Safire, On Language. The New York Times Magazine, June 7, 1981)

Ryanair the low-fares airline (Stratigic management) Assignment

Ryanair the low-fares airline (Stratigic management) - Assignment Example The balance sheet of the company shows that there has been a steady increase in the organisations net profit from 2006. The organisation is regarded as the world’s most profitable airline and this can be attributed to its strategic position in the budget airline industry. However, despite showing positive signs of growth in the industry, it has been recommended that Ryanair should embark on a drive to improve its marketing and communication strategies since it has been receiving negative media coverage. There is need to portray a positive image of and counter the negative publicity given to the airline by the media. It has also been recommended that the airline should strive to improve its industrial relations given that the employees are not fairly treated in this particular case. Employees should be treated as valuable assets in the organisation to ensure its viability. ... anair’s competitors-------------------------------------------------------------9 6.0 Strategic capabilities---------------------------------------------------------------9 7.0 Recommendations-----------------------------------------------------------------9 8.0 Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------10 9.0 Bibliography------------------------------------------------------------------------11 Fig 1SWOT analysis--------------------------------------------------------------------6 Fig 2 Porter’s generic strategy model------------------------------------------------8 1.0 Introduction During the current period, it can be noted that organisations operate in an environment that is characterised by external factors of which in some cases, the companies have little control over them. Against this backdrop, this report seeks to critically evaluate the Rynair’s strategic position with regards to its external environment, competi tive forces, competitors, opportunities as well as threats. A SWOT analysis will be carried for the airline. The report will also discuss the company’s financial analysis, strategic capabilities, strengths and weaknesses. Recommendations about the measures that can be made to maintain the company’s success will be given at the end of the report. 1.1 Overview of the organisation Ryanair is a budget airline in Europe and it was modelled after the successful US carrier, Southwest Airlines. Ryanair was founded in 1985 by the Ryan family with the aim of providing scheduled passenger services between Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK). The aim was to provide an alternative to the then state monopoly carrier, Aer Lingus. Since its inception, the company went through a great deal of turbulence which resulted

Hotel industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hotel industry - Assignment Example In my case, I intend to add value to my hotel service industry by picking my raw foodstuffs from distributors who are recommended by the public health organization in the United States. My hotel service targets all customers, fixing desired prices on the foodstuffs while making quality and service to customers as the main aim as opposed to mincing money from the public. Moreover, the staff employed in my hotel should have adequate training in catering bearing in mind health and safety standards of the organization. However, I do not intend to run the hotel for my entire life. I intend to make it pick and gain popularity within its location then sell it to a new management at a higher price when business hits peak. This, I intend to implement through ample customer relations, providing safe products as well as placing customer preference and quality as my main aim. Service to humanity is service for money.The chart above shows the organization of my hotel service industry. Moreover au dit ought to be done every end of the financial year to assess the employees as well as the milestones achieved by the organization. Any product that aims to be brought to the hotel must be taken through health and quality checks to ensure that safety and health standards are adhered to.Reputable hotels are very successful in both their businesses and expansion. The most challenging task in the hotel industry is the handling of competition which comes about with providing quality services as well as fixing prices that are desirable to the target customers.

Medieval University Essay Example for Free

Medieval University Essay Everything that is going on around us was developed in some point during history. We can assume that all ideas had to come from some prior idea. As students of history, it is in our ability to wonder what cultural and social constructions are still present today from the any other time in historical period. What particular concepts still exist within the world or specifically the United States? An idea that is still very present in America is the university. When did the idea of schools first come into full importance? What was taught and when did the concept expand into colleges and universities? The first universities were commenced in Paris during the Early Middle Ages. This is where the first concepts of higher learning were instituted and based off. In chapter seven of Discovering the Western Past: A Look at the Evidence Volume 1, the book explains the history of colleges and universities, they were simpler than modern schools but took hold of what general is taught today. In Europe during the medieval period, most education was handled in the small schools, where they taught Latin to male children. Students who would go to become clergymen were taught more advance subjects in cathedral schools. When the schooling community grew too large, colleges were set in place for student housing. Most modern university or college has housing for students. Student housing was strict and much regulated in the middle ages. These students, most of them, were to go on and become part of the clergy. Those who ran the colleges wanted to keep watch of the behavior being displayed by students of their institution. Compared to the rules of most residence halls in American universities, these restrictions seem preposterous. Rules included no one shall have loud shoes or clothing by which scandal might be generated in any way also no fellow shall presume to sleep outside of the house in town, and if he did so for reason, he shall take pains to submit his excise to the bearer of the roll†¦ also no women of any sort shall eat in the private rooms. If anyone violates this rule, he shall pay assessed penalty, namely, sixpence. You can see how important the curriculum was important during college in medieval life. There was no trace of extra activities and such like there are today. Clubs and leagues are western concepts that came later. Residence halls now are still very strict but some can be lenient towards student desires. Then learning was the highest priority. In source 11, a description of student life in Paris during the Middle Ages is explained more clearly. It says, Almost all the students at Paris, foreigners and natives, did absolutely nothing except learn or hear something new. Clearly now, the college of the university is not just the resident halls. Colleges are considered an institution in which a liberal arts degree can be acquired. The difference between a college and a university is that a college just presents a set of degrees in specific areas while a university is a collection of colleges. Content and teaching styles varied during the middle ages, as they do now. Degrees for teaching were given out to people who could right acquire them, Believing that the chancellor often either granted the right teach to unqualified parties or simply sold licenses outright, they began to require that prospective teachers pass an examination set by the university besides getting the chancellors approval. Many of these instructors had their own style teaching. In source five of the chapter sevens content, one teacher lays out his expectations like how modern day professors give out syllabi, he says, All writings belonging to this class are to be read with full freedom to criticize, and with no obligation to accept unquestioningly; otherwise the way would be blocked to all discussion, and posterity be deprived of the excellent intellectual exercise of debating difficult questions of language and presentation. The content of school was not very far off from what most places teach today. James Hannam of the University of Cambridge says, A great deal of the business of natural philosophy, mathematics and medicine during the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern period took place in the setting of the universities What almost all universities had in common was that they were self governing corporations that were supported by both church and state. Their major purpose was to train men to be lawyers, theologians and physicians but they were also  increasingly used by the gentry to educate their sons in the cultural skills necessary for courtly life. Some universities like the University of Bologna specialized in certain categories of learning. The University of Bologna would be considered a law school. The university is historically notable for its teaching of canon and civil law; indeed, it was set up in large part with the aim of studying the Digest, a central text in Roman law, which had been rediscovered in Italy in 1070, and the university was central in the development of medieval Roman law. says universities Wikipedia page. The differences between universities of the middle Ages in Europe and modern day universities in America are quite apparent but their similarities suggest that some customs were brought to the west. These universities like Cambridge, Bologna, Paris, and Oxford are the models of what higher education is today. They are what came before what we have today. That is why it is important to study history as a whole thus we can see what aspects are being used in society today. [ 1 ]. Merry E. Wiesner, Julius R. Ruff, William Bruce Wheeler. Discovering the Western Past: A Look at the Evidence. V1. Ed:6th. pp 147. [ 2 ]. Merry E. Wiesner, Julius R. Ruff, William Bruce Wheeler. Discovering the Western Past: A Look at the Evidence. V1. Ed:6th. pp 158-9. [ 3 ]. Merry E. Wiesner, Julius R. Ruff, William Bruce Wheeler. Discovering the Western Past: A Look at the Evidence. V1. Ed:6th. pp 166. [ 4 ]. Merry E. Wiesner, Julius R. Ruff, William Bruce Wheeler. Discovering the Western Past: A Look at the Evidence. V1. Ed:6th. pp 147. [ 5 ]. Merry E. Wiesner, Julius R. Ruff, William Bruce Wheeler. Discovering the Western Past: A Look at the Evidence. V1. Ed:6th. pp 160 [ 6 ]. http://www. hps. cam. ac. uk/research/memu. html [ 7 ]. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/University_of_Bologna.

Language, Identity and Social Acceptance in Hal Borland’s Novel, When the Legends Die :: When Legends Die

Language as the Key to Identity and Social Acceptance in Hal Borland’s Novel, When the Legends Die In the world today, many people are identified by the way they look or act; they are also accepted into society based on this criteria. However, in literature, one cannot be identified or judged on these aspects, these observations must be created solely from the way the character speaks. This shows that James Baldwin was correct in his 1979 essay when he stated that language is a key to identity and social acceptance. This observation can be seen in the novel When the Legends Die by Hal Borland. When the Legends Die is a novel about a boy, Thomas, growing into a man. There are a variety of characters in this novel and without their different styles of speaking, the reader would not be able to tell them apart. One example of identifying a character by what they say is a man named Blue Elk. Blue Elk was an extremely greedy Ute Indian. He would do anything, including sending other Native Americans to live on reservations, where they were miserable, to make easy money. So, in When the Legends Die when a reader sees a character talking about how much money he made, or who he has conned lately he or she knows that the character is Blue Elk. Another example of recognizing a character by their speaking style is a man named Meo. Meo was a bronco rider when he was younger and now he helps in training Thomas to become a champion rider. Meo also grows beans and loves making chili. He is always talking about the old days before his injury that ended his riding career, and how to make the â€Å"perfect† chili. So, once again, it is easy for the reader to recognize who is speaking by what he or she is talking about. Social acceptance is also a large point made in the novel. Thomas grew up as a Ute Indian and eventually became a bronco rider in rodeos. It is obvious that social acceptance is dependent on language because Thomas much change everything about himself to be accepted by the white riders. He was obligated to speak differently and he could not express his feelings in the way he was brought up. Thomas could not express himself freely because he had grown up singing traditional Ute hymns with his mother to show their feeling, and he was not allowed to do that anymore.

Difficulties in an Internet Music Promotion Company

JEJA Entertainment is a great way to offer live music entertainment to music lovers and fans in Australia and to the rest of the world. JEJA is based in Australia but since the Internet cannot be confined to a certain geographical area, the products and services of JEJA Entertainment will have to be offered to music fans all over the world. Although the Internet is a fascinating and emerging means of distributing media content, there are still startup costs that must be considered. Most of the time, internet entrepreneurs explore their business model while pursuing another line of work.This enables them to have a fallback should the Internet business fail. On the other hand, this could also be inimical to the continuous growth of the business. Internet entrepreneurs face a number of challenges in establishing their business. For one, the issue of capital is an important one. The Internet may be seen as a low-cost option for distribution, yet there are a number of operating costs that must be taken into account—the domain name and web servers, the IT personnel who will create and maintain the webpages of the site, the marketing personnel and the production team among others.This will involve thousands of dollars if it were to become truly successful. While internet marketing via email can be a good starting point, there should also be offline promotion so that more people can be made aware of the company and the kinds of products and services that it offers (Perrini, 2006). Startup Capital and Funding Creative and novel ideas that have been largely untested do have a big potential for success in the world, especially so if the medium chosen such as the Internet has so much room for growth. Yet, because of this very same thing, a number of internet media business startups fail!Internet entrepreneurs need startup capital and money that could help them sustain the operations of their internet business up to such time that they can stand on their own and star t earning profits. Insufficient funding would mean that the business will not grow as quickly as it is perceived to be and it will not also become as profitable as the business plan states. One of the biggest problems that internet entrepreneurs face is where to get startup money that will help them setup equipment and other needed materials and network for the business.No matter how good an idea may be, without startup capital, it will remain as a good idea and will never be launched to the whole world. Sources of Startup Capital For JEJA Entertainment, there are a number of sources of startup capital that they can draw from. Before identifying the sources of startup capital, however, the entrepreneurs should lay down ¬ the projected expenses in starting up the business. This should include all expenses such as equipment, the establishment of web pages and the maintenance costs, the servers, the domain name, the initial promotional expenses among others.This could lead them to a realistic view of the expenses that they will face. When these expenses shall have been laid out, then the actual amount of funding needed for several months (or years) can then be projected up to such time that the business can become profitable. Personal funds and Loan from Family and Friends The easiest source of startup capital, perhaps, could be the personal funds of the entrepreneurs who will engage in the business. Most of the time, entrepreneurs use their own savings they have gained from years of working as employees.There are also entrepreneurs who inherited a sizable sum of money that they then divert the money for the business that they have conceptualized by themselves or with other friends that they have. In cases where the personal funds of the entrepreneurs are not enough to cover the startup expenses, they ask the help of their family and friends in funding their business. Internet business may be less costly than an offline business that offers â€Å"physical† products and services.The problem with the funding from friends and family money, however, is that this might give the family and friends some expectation that they also have important stakes in the business more than just the money that they lent in starting the business. This can lead to strained relationships and problems in the business due to the unclear expectations from friends and family members. If JEJA Entertainment will rely on this kind of startup funding, then the expectations from both parties should be clear so as to avoid any conflict in the areas of operations of the business.Funding from Banks and Lending Organizations Another riskier source of startup capital is funding from banks and lending organizations. To get loans from banks and other lending organizations, there is a need for collateral in the form of land, car or other valuable collateral. Depending on the soundness of the business plan, banks may fund the startup so that it can take off and become prof itable in the long term. Convincing banks to release funds, however, is a big challenge as they want to minimize the risks they face in lending so they can maximize their profits. Venture CapitalOne of the important sources of funds that have come to light in recent years is venture capital from what has been fondly called as â€Å"angel investors. † These angel investors provide much needed capital for entrepreneurs in the twenty-first century. Venture capital, actually, can contribute to the long-term success of an internet business startup. Angel investors can help budding internet businesses to survive the first few years of competition and difficulties in the market. Most startup companies usually tap venture capital investors not during startup but during the next few years of their operations.If an internet business does not attract venture capital, it is bound to fail within three years according to a study made by Gompers and Lerner (2002). Long-term Profitability, B randing and Reputation Building Even if startup capital were found for JEJA company, there are still a number of factors that it should surmount if it were to be profitable and sustainable in the long run. Long term profitability can be ensured through a variety of strategies and a careful management of resources. Fresh capital is also needed if JEJA were to be truly successful.Brand building is another important matter that JEJA will have to engage in. A successful branding strategy could also build the reputation of the company. Over the long run, this can help the company package itself as a good option for venture capitalists and to its clients all over the world. JEJA needs to be aggressive in its branding strategies because it faces an uphill climb with various competitions online. Even if the online concert option is a good selling point, the company has to create its audience and make it irresistible.The company will have to invest on marketing investments online and offline so as to make people aware of what the business offers. Carefully placed ads on high traffic websites and offline advertisements can yield returns. In addition to this, media exposure and reputation borrowing through sponsorship of concerts by major artists, singers and actors and actresses that visit Australia. Even major events in Australia can be covered by the company so as to gain greater reach, credibility and the preferences of consumers.The longevity of these branding strategies cannot be ensured in the long run (Kotha, Rajgopal & Rindova, 2001). Because of this, JEJA Company has to stay abreast with emerging trends in the entertainment industry and in the Internet. These things make the branding strategies more difficult as the marketing personnel of the company will have to keep track of two divergent although related fields—the entertainment industry as well as the reception of fans and media content consumers as well as the behavior of internet surfers and consum ers.Long-Term Growth and Strategic Management Securing startup capital is but one of the first steps that JEJA Company will have to secure. As the operations of the company continue and it gains brand recognition in Australia and all over the world, it will have to establish a long term plan that deals with the need of fresh capital, effective management of resources and the establishment of a reliable and recognizable Australian brand. The entertainment industry is highly volatile and continuously changing.If the branding strategies of JEJA were effective, it can readily engage venture capitalists for the provision of fresh capital to finance expansion of operations, offering additional services and products, engaging more geographical areas, and establishing partnerships with a larger number of production companies and studios. The presence of venture capital is a great means of ensuring the long-term growth and profitability of internet businesses (Davila, Foster 7 Gupta, 2003).A s such, it has to proactively seek out venture capitalists who believe in the business model of JEJA. This can be done through networking, effective publicity and brand building and making sure that the business delivers the projected income and growth. Conclusion Internet businesses such as Amazon. com, Yahoo, Barnes and Nobles and IVillage among others have, at one point, started out with limited experience and financing. Yet, with effective raising of startup capital, effective branding and strategic management, they managed to grow their businesses (Carpenter, 2000).Although financing is different from the realm of management and branding strategies, it is still a very crucial part of the operations of the business of JEJA. Surely, there will be new trends and challenges that will arise in the area of internet media business. Yet, with the influx of capital from â€Å"angel investors† and other sources, effective branding and strategic management, JEJA management can rise up to become a significant internet business in Australia and all over the world.

Current Issues

Wise For this assignment, you are to select a topic that is somewhat global in nature and inspired from your reading Dr. Seuss using one of the Dr. Seuss stories, analyze the plot of the story to identify and explain the subtext of the story†the author's theme or underlying lesson about something more than the literal story research some helpful background information that the author Dr. Seuss may have known or used to develop the story†many articles have been written develop a reasonable thesis statement that will make a laim about the stance that is taken by Dr.Seuss†is he right or wrong? think about what will you use to support both sides. Parts of the story along with researched information are to be included. complete your research and document all of your sources cited (used in the essay) make use of the rhetorical triangle: ethos, logos, and pathos avoid logical fallacies Objectives: use invention techniques such as brainstorming, listing, cubing, reporters' questions, free-writing, and clustering. organize ideas and supporting details in a clear and effective manner. xpress the main idea of an essay in a thesis statement. evelop effective paragraphs that exhibit unity, organization, and coherence. write correct and effective sentences. revise and edit essays to improve the original draft. gather information from a variety of sources, incorporate the information into a writing project, and properly document the sources in MLA style when outside sources are used. Requirements: MLA format 12 point font (New Times Roman) 5-8 pages of text, not including the Works Cited page.A minimum of 3-5 credible sources as specified by your instructor. Works Cited page. Turn in copies of all articles and materials of outside sources used. Submit all required materials: prewriting, preliminary drafts, copies of research materials, related Journals, an outline, workshopping, edited/final draft When completed, all materials will be placed in a pocket fold er, with a table of contents as the top page. Organization: Your paper should follow the classic argument pattern, or a variation of it, as l.Introduction: In the introduction, you slowly lead your audience into the topic by introducing it and connecting it to them. II. Narration: The narration is where you give all necessary background and context so your audience can understand the topic. Provide a brief summary of the plot for the specific Dr. Seuss story you're using as your basis. You might do any or all of the following: give historical background; define specialized terms; explain the extent of any problems presented within the topic; explain how the topic is controversial.Ill. Partition: The partition, in short, is your thesis, or claim. It should meet two criteria: it should be arguable, and it should be defendable. IV. Argument: If the partition is the claim, this is where you support that claim with topic sentences, or sub-claims, that bolster and prove the thesis. Rememb er to use outside sources to illustrate or support your ideas, and avoid fallacies at all costs. Solid argument, remember, is built upon solid reasoning, so after the quotations, you must provide follow-up explanation and/or analysis.V. Refutation: Here, you first acknowledge opposing viewpoints, and then show why your viewpoint is preferable to all others. The opposing viewpoints should also be illustrated from some research, so you will quote at least one or two sources from the opposite side. VI. Conclusion: As in previous essays, your conclusion should tie up all loose ends, eiterate the main idea, and then end on a thought-provoking note. Usually, an argument ends with a call to action.See pages 238-277 (Chapter 9) in your textbook for explanation of writing to convince and an example. After you have written the rough draft, workshopped it with classmates, and revised it, you will write the self-assessment on pages 278-279†we'll consider this a Journal entry, so you will have two Journals to turn in with the essay documents. The first journal is written at the beginning. For information related to logical fallacies, those flaws in reasoning, use pages 467-470 for descriptions.

Omission Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Omission Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Omission CAR Diary - Takaki Preface 1/27/2015 Mr. Magbual Omission In my answer, I said, Jane, both of us have read E.D. Hirshs book Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. This was a best seller at the time, and Jane quickly nodded. Well, In the back of the book, theres a long list of terms that every American should know, and this list includes Ellis Island but it omits Angel Island. Ellis Island was the entry point for European immigrants, and Angel Island was the location of the immigration station for strangers from a different shore for Chinese and Japanese immigrants. (Takaki, p.xi) Huge amount of Europeans were immigrated in the United States, Ellis Island. Similarly, huge amount of Chinese and Japanese were immigrated in the United States, Angel Island. Although Europeans and Asians were immigrated in the US for the same reason to work for a better opportunity, they were recognized differently. European immigrants from Ellis Island were recognized as a history but Asian immigrants from Angel Island were recognized as a mystery. As a history, we have learned about the arrival of white Europeans to Ellis Island in detail in the bestselling book, Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. As a mystery, arrival of Asians to Angel Island was omitted in the bestselling book. Educated writer, E.D. Hirsch from the book Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know, views American as white or European and omitting many other groups around the world including Asian American. If Ellis Island is part of the history we should learn from that book, Angel I sland should be another part of history that Hirsch should not omit. That kind of omission forces the history of Asian Americans to become the mystery of strangers in the United States. As I remember, I was in the US history class, taught by white teacher when I was in high school. Ive never realized about what kind of history Ive learned until I read about the omission of Angel Island by educated author, Hirsch, in his best selling book, according to Takaki. My high school US history teacher did teach us about Ellis Island and Europeans via presentation slideshows and documentary videos. Although he taught us about the immigrants in Ellis Island, he never taught us about Asian immigrants in Angel Island. Its a shame that he didnt teach us about bay areas Asian history of Angel Island where school also located in bay area. I am pretty sure that Ive never learned about any Asian American history such as settlement of Saint Malo, gold rush or Angel Island when I was in high school, US history class. That omission of the Asian American history should stop. Instead of omitting Asian American history, I think we should learn about it in K-12 because it is one of the hist ories of the United States. Sacrifices By serving in the U.S. military during World War 2, Asian Americans shared what Lincoln called the mystic chords of memory stretching from battlefield to patriot graves. In a letter written from the battlefront, a Japanese-American soldier explained to his family why he was ready to die for his country: By virtue of the Japanese attack on our nation, we as American citizens of Japanese ancestry have been mercilessly flogged with criticism and accusations. But Im not going to take it sitting down! I may not be able to come back. But that matters little. My family and friends they are the ones who will be able to back their arguments with facts In fact, it is better that we are sent to the front and that a few of us do not return, for the testimony will be stronger in favor of the folks back home. Many Japanese - American soldiers had left behind families unjustly evacuated and incarcerated in internment camps. Altogether, 33,000 Nisei served in the military; many of them did not come back to America. All of them had earned the right, through bloody sacrifices in defense of our democracy, to call upon their nation to rededicate itself to its founding principle of equality. (Takaki, p.xiv) In the history of World War 2, white Americans sacrifices were presented and taught, but not Asian Americans

Anna Arnold Hedgeman

This paper takes a look at the life and achievements of civil rights protagonist, Anna Arnold Hedgeman. This paper focuses on the life and accomplishments of humanist Anna Arnold Hedgeman. Details about her achievements as a mentor and civil rights leader are provided. The main idea of the paper focuses on race relations among African-Americans and the civil rights movement. Anna Arnold Hedgeman was born on July 5, 1899, in Marshalltown, Iowa.She was one of five children born, her father being a son of slaves.Hedgeman was well educated, for she attended high school in St. Paul, Minnesota, and later received a degree in English from the Methodist college of Hamline University.Growing up, Hedgeman became a very articulate, outspoken person.Throughout college, she grew very interested in the social injustices and racial inequality of African-Americans.In the ensuing decades of her life, Hedgeman devoted all of her time and energy to assisting many organizations and administrations that were intent on fighting for the rights of workers and for the better welfare of humanity. She acted as a teacher, consultant, and lecturer to these various groups, and eventually she owned her own consulting firm, Hedgeman Consulting Services.The focus of this paper will be to show how Anna Arnold Hedgemans concern for national and global equality led to her eventual involvement in the Civil Rights Movement and the March on Washington.

M2 Aplication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M2 Aplication - Essay Example The aim of this application essay is using a group of 489 students in my school for the evaluation of the biases and discriminations they experience as scholars of the ELL program- Mexico. Students that did not pass the AZELLA also apply in identification of the significant gaps in their learning. One of the most pervasive discriminative factors is the inequality aspect of the learning and overall experience of the ELL. States such as Mexico are least likely to benefit from the experience than California, Texas, Florida and New York where despite the number of students available, every one of them gets adequate learning. In Mexico, a school having 489 students is at a great disadvantage and acquiring adequate learning for each student means engaging in judicial battles over finances, state budgets and education policies. The limitation of funds contributes to the failure of the tests because the ELL program appears inefficient without the required resources. Typically, such students lack the learning opportunities and equity similar to groups in New York or other extensively populated states (Richard, 2007). English Language Learners education states are in control of most of the processes involved in selection of services and evaluations at the different levels but even with poor experiences for such a group in Mexico; it is not much of an option. The populations continue to grow but the approach in ELL education is always the same i.e. the 489 students will experience known challenges, fail the AZELLA test and this will continue on to the next group without a provision of solutions. Most of the focus is on standards and accountability yet the resources and investments required in attaining this experience major flaws that create the wide gave in overall achievement (Payan, 2014). This is a prime predisposition of the ELL education and instead of focusing on the overall challenges of the program on a