Diary - Definition and Examples

Journal s A journal is an individual record of occasions, encounters, contemplations, and perceptions. We chat with the missing by letters, and with ourselves by journals, says Isaac DIsraeli in Curiosities of Literature (1793). These books of record, he says save what wear out in the memory, and . . . render to a man a record of himself to himself. In this sense, journal composing might be viewed as a kind of discussion or monolog just as a type of self-portrayal. In spite of the fact that the peruser of a journal is normally just the creator herself, every so often journals are distributed (much of the time after a creators passing). Notable diarists incorporate Samuel Pepys (1633-1703), Dorothy Wordsworth (1771-1855), Virginia Woolf (1882-1941), Anne Frank (1929-1945), and Anaã ¯s Nin (1903-1977). As of late, developing quantities of individuals have started keeping on the web journals, for the most part as online journals or web diaries. Journals are once in a while utilized in directing exploration, especially in the sociologies and in medication. Examination journals (additionally called field notes) fill in as records of the exploration procedure itself. Respondent journals might be kept by the individual subjects partaking in an exploration venture. Etymology: From the Latin, every day remittance, day by day diary Portions From Famous Diaries Portion From Virginia Woolfs DiaryEaster Sunday, April twentieth, 1919. . . The propensity for composing for my eye just is acceptable practice. It slackens the tendons. . . What kind of journal would it be a good idea for me to like mine to be? Something free weave but then not messy, so flexible that it will grasp anything, grave, slight or lovely that comes into my brain. I should like it to take after some profound old work area, or extensive hold-all, wherein one indulgences a mass of miscellaneous items without looking them through. I should get a kick out of the chance to return, following a year or two, and find that the assortment had arranged itself and refined itself and mixed, as such stores strangely do, into a shape, sufficiently straightforward to mirror the best part of us, but then consistent, quiet mixes with the lack of approachability of a work of art.(Virginia Woolf, A Writers Diary. Harcourt, 1953)I get fearlessness by perusing [Virginia Woolfs Diary]. I feel ex ceptionally much the same as her.(Sylvia Plath, cited by Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar in No Mans Land. Yale University Press, 1994) Extract From Sylvia Plaths DiaryJuly 1950. I may never be cheerful, yet today around evening time I am content. Just an unfilled house, the warm cloudy exhaustion from a day spent setting strawberry sprinters in the sun, a glass of cool sweet milk, and a shallow dish of blueberries washed in cream. At the point when one is so drained toward the finish of a the very beginning must rest, and at the following first light there are more strawberry sprinters to set, thus one continues living, close to the earth. On occasion like this Id consider myself an idiot to request more . . ..(Sylvia Plath, The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath, ed. Karen V. Kukil. Stay Books, 2000)Excerpts From Anne Franks DiaryNow Im back to the point that incited me to keep a journal in any case: I dont have a friend.â€Å"Who else yet me is ever going to peruse these letters?†(Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl, ed. by Otto H. Straight to the point and Mirjam Pressler. Doubleday, 1995) Considerations and Observations on Diaries Safires Rules for Keeping a DiaryFor people threatened by their own journals, here are a bunch of rules:Four rules are sufficient standards. Most importantly, expound on what got to you that day . . ..(William Safire, On Keeping a Diary. The New York Times, September. 9, 1974)You own the journal, the journal doesnt own you. There are numerous days in for our entire lives about which the less composed the better. In the event that you are the kind of individual who can just keep a journal on a standard calendar, topping off two pages not long before you hit the hay, become another kind of person.Write for yourself. The focal thought of a journal is that you are not composing for pundits or for family yet are composing a private letter to your future self. In the event that you are frivolous, or ill-advised, or pitifully enthusiastic, relaxâ€if there is anyone who will comprehend and excuse, it is your future self.Put down what can't be recreated. . . . [R]emind yourself of the pier cing individual second, the comment you wish you had made, your forecasts about the result of your own tribulations.Write clearly. . . . Vita Sackville-West on Capturing Moments[T]he fingers which have once become used to a pen before long tingle to hold one once more: it is important to compose, if the days are not to slip emptily by. By what other means, without a doubt, to applaud the net over the butterfly existing apart from everything else? For the second passes, it is overlooked; the temperament is gone; life itself is no more. That is the place the essayist scores over his colleagues: he gets the adjusts of his perspective on the hop.(Vita Sackville-West, Twelve Days, 1928)David Sedariss DiariesAt the beginning of my second year [of college]. I pursued an experimental writing class. The teacher, a lady named Lynn, requested that we each keep a diary and that we give up it twice over the span of the semester. This implied Id be composing two journals, one for myself and a second, intensely altered one, for her.The passages I eventually turned in are the sorts I read in front of an audience now and then, the .01 percent that may perhaps qualify as engaging: a joke I heard, a T-shirt motto, a touch of inside data passed on by a server or cabdriver.(David Sedaris, Lets Explore Diabetes With Owls. Hachette, 2013) Exploration DiariesA research journal ought to be a log or record of everything that you do in your examination venture, for instance, recording thoughts regarding conceivable examination themes, database look through you attempt, your contacts with research study destinations, get to and endorsement procedures and troubles you experience and survive, and so forth. The examination journal is where you ought to likewise record your musings, individual reflections and bits of knowledge into the exploration process.(Nicholas Walliman and Jane Appleton, Your Undergraduate Dissertation in Health and Social Care. Wise, 2009)Christopher Morley on DiaristsThey inventory their minutes: Now, presently, now,Is Actual, in the midst of the fugitive;Take ink and pen (they state) for that is howWe catch this flying life, and make it live.So to their little pictures, and they sieveTheir joys: fields turned by the plough,The radiance that mid year dusks give,The razor sunken of an extraordinary boats bow.O chivalrous impulse, habit for mens mirth!Type can't consume and shimmer on the page.No sparkling ink can make this composed wordShine sufficiently clear to talk the respectable rageAnd instancy of life. All poems blurredThe abrupt disposition of truth that gave them birth.(Christopher Morley, Diarists. Chimneysmoke, George H. Doran, 1921) â€Å"I never travel without myâ diary. One ought to consistently have something thrilling to readâ inâ the train.†(Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895)It appears to me that the issue withâ diaries, and the explanation that the majority of them are so exhausting, is that consistently we waver between looking at our hangnails and conjecturing on infinite order.(Ann Beattie, Picturing Will, 1989)

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Universal Human Resource Management - Essay Example The universe of internð °tionð °l business mð °y, obviously, not include IHRM: it isn't relevð °nt in, for exð °mple, the spreð °d of frð °nchising operð °tions Ð °nd the development of conglomerð °tes which hð °ve no strð °tegic goal of mð °ximizing their internð °tionð °l operð °tions. Yet, for most ventures including inn Ð °nd hospitð °lity industry internð °tionð °lizð °tion equð °tes with Ð °n increð °singly importð °nt job for IHRM Ð °nd need to Ð °dð °pt HR prð °ctices to locð °l needs. Current pð °per is Ð °n Ð °nð °lysis of Seychelles’ HRM in compð °rison with UK. The investigation is bð °sed on the cð °se of Molten Hotel thð °t is opening on Ð °n islð °nd Seychelles Ð °nd requires recommendð °tion on HR prð °ctices so as to successfully mð °nð °ge the locð °l stð °ff Ð °nd reð °ch the profitð °bility on Ð ° new mð °rket. Liquid Hotels is Ð ° leð °ding UK bð °sed hospitð °lity compð °ny, which possesses Ð °nd mð °nð °ges inns Ð °round the world, with one of the UKs best know brð °nd nð °mes. The compð °ny hð °s lodgings in thirty eight nations Ð °nd subordinate regions Ð °round the world, with its heð °d office bð °sed on the Strð °nd in London, UK. It utilizes Ð °round 50,000 individuals around the world, Ð °nd is regulð °rly perceived Ð °s Ð °n boss of decision. The compð °ny hð °d totð °l incomes of a little more than three billion dollð °rs overall during the 2007 finð °ncið °l yeð °r, with operð °ting benefit of Ð °round 500,000,000. This put the inn just beneath such globð °l brð °nd nð °mes Ð °s Hilton Ð °nd Mð °rriott as far as globð °l reð °ch, brð °nd acknowledgment Ð °nd finð °ncið °l performð °nce. The principal Molten Hotel wð °s established in 1758 by John Molten in Mð °nchester, where it wð °s known Ð °s Moltens Guest Ð °nd Coð °ch House. The lodging wð °s fð °mily possessed Ð °nd run for the initial hundred Ð °nd twenty yeð °rs until toward the finish of the nineteenth century, when Ð brð °hð °m Molten took Ð °dvð °ntð °ge of the rð °ilwð °ys thð °t hð °d jumped up Ð °cross the nation to construct two new inns in

The Day I Decided to Come to Illinois

The Day I Decided to Come to Illinois I’ll be honest, Illinois was not my first choice when I was applying to colleges. My mom was an Illini, which was one of the biggest reasons why I applied. Also, I had visited Chicago a few times and thought it would be better to start my career there over New York City. Sorry, Connecticut friends, I just did. Anyways, I liked the school but was certainly not sold on it. After applying, I ended up getting into the business school and was invited to the admitted business student’s day. The day is intended to give you a feel for the college and see all of the wonderful opportunities they have to offer. Things like majors, study abroad opportunities, career support, and student organizations. When I went, I’m pretty sure it was in late February or early March at the latest. What I do know is that it was a pretty miserable Illinois day. Must have been low thirties, slush on the ground, flurries throughout the day. That kind of day happens here. Simply put, the experience is a massive reason why I came to Illinois. And frankly, through reflecting on my four years here, it is surprisingly accurate to what your experience here will be like. I’ve changed my major once or twice, studied abroad on the other side of the world, completed multiple relevant internships, and had the privilege of being president of a business student organization. Through Illinois and the Gies College of Business I have been able to travel around the world to places like Kyoto, Japan. I remember being in the Espresso on Sixth Street sitting across from my Mom talking about the day. It was the moment I decided I was going to come here. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my career, but after attending to the Business Experience, I knew I wanted to figure that out here. One of the best experiences Ive had as a student was through a business student organization on campus. I’m not saying you should know for sure whether or not you want to go to Illinois after you attend to the Business Experience yourself. But I am saying our college is a truly wonderful place, and this event is the best opportunity to see that firsthand. Information on the Gies Business Experience (March 30) can be found here. If you can’t attend, or even if you can, feel free to reach out if you have questions or want to learn more about the Gies College of Business (email: ssinger2@illinois.edu). I’m more than happy to chat. Talk soon. Steven Class of 2019 I’m from New Canaan, Connecticut. I'm studying Management Entrepreneurship in the Gies College of Business and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Is ethnic profiling really helping society - 600 Words

Is ethnic profiling really helping society? Ethnic profiling has been around for some time but is it getting worse? Are too many people going to far? Is it hurting or helping society? Many believe that ethnic profiling is only helping society and but in reality its only tearing us apart for because of the following reason. â€Å"Muslims endure long delay to become U.S Citizens theyre pulled out of lines at airports and treated differently from other passengers (Lamkamp)†. Muslims are getting denied to become American just because of their Ethnics. Thats assuming that all Arabs or Muslims are terrorist. Thats like saying all Caucasians are rich. Which not all of them are.†¦show more content†¦Even if she did why would it matter. Its not like they were making small talk instead they were trying to interrogate her. Countless may say that Ethnic profiling only helps society. â€Å"The use of racial profiling is highly controversial the commissioner Graeme Innes said was necessary to address the growing belief that Australia was unsafe for international students and that racism was prevalent (Inners)†. Australia is getting to be unsafe for foreigner students. More and more Racial reports have been reported because of it. They are making it seem like nor foreign person is not allowed to be there because of their Ethnic. How is this helping society? Instead of helping its destroying society. Its also separating them from the world. Its like if someone invited the whole 3rd grade to their sleepover but did not invite one person because they were â€Å"different†. First and foremost we are not in third grade. Nor do we need to be singling out anyone. Ethnic profiling is just not the way to go. People can get hurt by this. Numerous foreigners are scared to travel because they think they will get treated differently. 9/11 was an abhorrent event thing but not every forgoriner is aShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling â€Å"Racial Profiling? We don’t do that here. Now Let’s go get that brown fucker!†1200 Words   |  5 PagesRacial Profiling â€Å"Racial Profiling? We don’t do that here. Now Let’s go get that brown fucker!† â€Å"Racial profiling at its core concerns the invidious use of race or ethnicity as a criterion in conducting stops, searches and other law enforcement investigative procedures. It is premised on the erroneous assumption that any particular individual of one race or ethnicity is more likely to engage in misconduct than any particular individual of another race or ethnicity. Racial profiling in law enforcementRead MoreThe Middle Eastern People And Asians Essay2305 Words   |  10 Pagespresidential power of the Chief Executive Officer to order the wartime imprisonment of Japanese Americans. 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RacialRead MoreThe Media s Depiction Of Caricatures, Stereotypes, And Violence Of African Americans3353 Words   |  14 Pagessassy mammy. However, in her own household she isn’t the loving, happy, sassy mammy. She is the controller of the money and household. She often is depicted treating her own children harshly, not showing them the love she shows the white children. (Ethnic Notations, 1987) Why is the mammy portrayed in this manner? There is a truth under the grin of this caricature. The mammy is portrayed as a happy faithful worker because historically slaves were not happy. Whites wanted to think that slaves likedRead More`` The House I Live ``1921 Words   |  8 Pagestreating drug addiction, it has increased drug abuse. This eventually, triggered the government to create a law enforcement that feeds mainly on America’s minorities. Author Christina Fauchon’s article, â€Å"Counterpoint: The Case Against Profiling† (2004), asserts â€Å"racial profiling in any environment [†¦] is an unproductive and immoral policy to ensure safety.† Cynthia Godsoe, author of â€Å"The Ban on Welfare for Felony Drug Offenders: Giving a New Meaning to ‘Life Sentence’†(1998), discusses the Welfare ActRead MoreLabeling, Law, and Americas Drug Policy Essay3279 Words   |  14 Pagesin wrong acts but as individuals who have a crimina l status forced upon them by both the criminal justice system and the community at large. From this point of view, criminal acts themselves are not significant; it is the reactions of the rest of society to acts defined as criminal that are most crucial. Crime and its control involve a process of social definition, which involves a response from others to an individuals behavior. 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I thought that my moral values and business ethics were set on an unchanged pedal, but I came to realize that I’ve learned so much in these past weeks that I was not even aware of existing. A lot of interesting discussions that had expanded my way of thinking, some them were emotional, and some of them created some doubts. With myRead MoreThe Discrimination against Minority Couples in the Adoption Process1921 Words   |  8 Pageshelp. The laws mandate training for parents adopting from another country but offer no similar help for parents adopting an American child. The agencies do this because they believe it would transracially conflict with the ideal of a colorblind society that does not take race into account. The sad truth is that if one is a not a white wealthy American then it is much harder for them to adopt then someone who is. 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A Dystopian Novel 1984 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1997 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: 1984 Essay Did you like this example? George Orwell, is a English novelist, essayist, and critic who is famous for his novels Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-four. The novel 1984 is a dystopian novel that tells the story of Winston Smith and how is tries to rebel against the totalitarian state in which he lives.A Dystopian novel is a society that is as dehumanizing and is uncomfortable to all that live in it.Orwell wrote 1984 to warn society about what would happen if we accept totalitarian governments into society. In comparison to the soviet union the book 1984 mimicked some ideas from Joseph stalin such as: torture, censorship and propaganda, a big political figure, Vaporizing or killing, and the secret police.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Dystopian Novel 1984" essay for you Create order Joseph Stalin started a campaign called the Great Purge or as some like to call it The Great Terror. This campaigns main motive was to kill any remaining members of the communist party and anyone who was a threat. More than millions were sent to labor camps and thousands were killed. During the great purge the began a thing called the moscow trials. The moscow trails were where those who were accused do being a traitor and spies were forced into confessing after being tortured and interrogated. Stalins terror and torture ultimately made everyone bow down to him. Similarly in 1984 acts of terror and torture were used to run Big Brothers dictatorship.The use of torture is direct parallel to the soviet union because In 1984 winston cried out to O’brien. Do anything to me! he yelled. Youve been starving me for weeks. Finish it off and let me die. Shoot me. Hang me. Sentence me to twenty-five years. Is there somebody else you want me to give away? Just say who it is and I’ll tell you anything you want. I dont care who it is or what you do to them.(pg 236-237). While in the interrogation room winston stated thatâ€Å"there were five or six men in black uniforms at him simultaneously. Sometimes it was fists, sometimes it was truncheons, sometimes it was steel rods, and sometimes it was boots†¦.There were other times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain†(pg 240). In the soviet union the torture they went through were called , â€Å"The trials, which became known as the Moscow Trials, were clearly staged events. The accused admitted to being traitors and spies. Later, historians learned that the defendants agreed to these forced confessions only after being interrogated, threatened and tortured.†(history.com). Also,â€Å"Stalin’s acts of terror and torture broke the Soviet people’s spirits and effectively eliminated certain groups of citizens, such as intellectuals and artists. His reign as dictator also made his people completely dependent on the state.†(history.com). In the book winston, â€Å" did not know whether the thing was really happening, or whether the effect was electrically produced, but his body was being wrenched out of shape, the joints were being slow torn apart†¦ he set his teeth and breathed hard through his nose, trying to keep silent.. â€Å" you are afraid† said O’brien†¦ â€Å"that in any moment something is going to break†( pg 245). In the book the ministry of love was a building where people got tortured until they believed in big brother. It enforces loyalty to Big Brother through fear. Similar to the Soviet Union they they were tortured and brought to their lowest until they couldn’t helped themselves and they were helpless. The torture influenced anyone who went through it to do anything. In the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin used censorship and propaganda to keep control of his citizens. To make sure revolts didnt happen â€Å"Stalin made sure that his regime was not criticised by having his close friends run the press.† also, â€Å" he had history books rewritten to put him in favourable light †¦.He even had himself credited as the brains behind the reform of Russias economic condition during Lenins rule.†(sahistory). Because Stalin had control over the books and textbooks it gave him control over the youth. Later youth groups started popping up that train children in socialism and they were lead to believe that stalin is god like. In the soviet union,stalin used the cult of personality, As a way to hold Stalin to a higher pedestal than god. He wanted to make sure that anyone who doubted him was killed. He didn’t erase peoples memory He rewrote history in his favor. The use of censorship and propaganda is a direct parallel to 1984 because in the book Winston said â€Å"if all records told the same tale then the lie passed into history and became truth. Who controls the past, ran the Party slogan, controls the future: who controls the present controls the past. †¦..Whatever was true now was true from everlasting to everlasting. †¦.All that was needed was an unending series of victories over your own memory. Reality control, they called it: in Newspeak, doublethink. (1.3.18). Winstons jobs consisted of â€Å" continuous alteration †¦.. to every kind of literature or documentation which might conceivably hold any political or ideological significance.† (1.4.8). In soviet union and INGSOC use censorship and propaganda in different ways to come out with the same result. In 1984, the work Winston does is to make the Party’s seem eternal and inevitable, by erasing any evidence of mistakes, poor decisions, and opportunities for the Party’s actions to be criticized. Because of that it confuses the citizens and to make them doubt their own memory. Also, the Party also disrupts personal loyalties to anything other than the party. The downfall of being a dictator is not knowing who is following the rules at all times without having an inside man or group. Stalin ruled by terror and with a totalitarian grip in order to eliminate anyone who might oppose him. He expanded the powers of the secret police, encouraged citizens to spy on one another and had millions of people killed or sent to the Gulag system of forced labor camps. Joseph Stalin was notorious for seeking out people who opposed him and killing them. â€Å"In 1934, it became known as the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs, which in Russian is abbreviated to NKVD. The main purpose of the NKVD was national security, and they made sure their presence was well known. People were arrested and sent to work camps for the most mundane things. Individuals would report on their friends and neighbors because they feared that the NKVD would come for them if they did not report suspicious activity.† (crime museum). â€Å"Stalin ruled by terror and with a totalitarian grip in order to eliminate anyone who might oppose him. He expanded the powers of the secret police, encouraged citizens to spy on one another and had millions of people killed or sent to the Gulag system of forced labor camps.† (History.com). Similarly in 1984 Big brother knew he couldnt control everything and so he rallied up two groups. One was the thought Police. In the book Winston says that â€Å"The thought police would get him just the same. He had committedwould have committed, even if he had never set pen to paperthe essential crime that contained all others in itself. Thoughtcrime, they called it. Thoughtcrime was not a thing that could be concealed forever. You might dodge successfully for a while, even for years, but sooner or later they were bound to get you. [Book 1, Chapter 1] A big political figure is important in this type of society because it gives the rest of the society something to believe. In 1984 â€Å"Just like a tyrant, a despot, a god, or a dictator, big brother demands complete obedience to his rules and laws† (enotes).The black mustachioed face gazed down from every commanding corner. There was one on the house-front immediately opposite. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption said , while the dark eyes looked deep into Winstons own. Down at street level another poster, torn at one corner, flapped fitfully in the wind, alternately covering and uncovering the single word INGSOC. (1.1.4). In 1984 big brother wanted their only to be love in his peoples hearts for only him so he outlawed sexual intercourse and relationships because that showed that you love someone other than him. While big brother was never an actual figure it meant something, Big brother is used â€Å"when you talk about dictators and their authoritarian governments, or to describe abusive intrusions of more democratic governments into their citizens privacy.†(vocabulary). The basic meaning of big brother is a dictator. In the soviet union Joseph Stalin was a modern day big brother. â€Å"Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign..† (History). Joseph Stalin ruled over his people by putting fear in their hearts. So tha t if theyll never disobey him so he would have a problem with revolts .By having a powerful political figure your showing that their power is unmovable and can’t be terminated. They are viewed as all knowing and if you don’t follow them then you’re wrong and get punished. Both big brother and Stalin made others disappear or vaporized according to George Orwell for disobeying the political figure. â€Å"Stalin had eliminated all likely potential opposition to his leadership by late 1934 and was the unchallenged leader of both party and state. Nevertheless, he proceeded to purge the party rank and file and to terrorize the entire country with widespread arrests and executions. Stalin ruled as absolute dictator of the Soviet Union throughout World War II and until his death in March 1953.†(loc). One of the things Stalin did was â€Å"Not only in such things as the faked public trials, the disappearance of leading figures, of writers, of physicists, even of astronomers, but in the invention of a factually non-existent society†.(Guardian). Stalin made sure he made others that wanted to run against him â€Å"disappear† by killing them to make sure he stayed in power. To further prevent revolts he killed off those he denied that he was god by having purges to put fear in anyone who thought about disobeying him. In 1984 the act of making someone â€Å"disappear† was called vaporizing winston said that People simply disappeared, always during the night. Your name was removed from the registers, every record of everything you had ever done was wiped out, your one-time existence was denied and then forgotten. You were abolished, annihilated:vaporized was the usual word†(Chapter 1). He also said that The diary would be reduced to ashes and himself to vapour . Only the Thought Police would read what he had written, before they wiped it out of existence and out of memory. How could you make appeal to the future when not a trace of you, not even an anonymous word scribbled on a piece of paper, could physically survive? [Book 1, Chapter 2]. Big brother ultimately made others disappear before they could uncover any secrets that could destroy the party. When you were vaporized people remember you but that delete evidence that you were evening living, so when the the new generation came you wouldnt even be remember. This was one of big brother tactics to insure absolute control. Orwell wrote 1984 to show us that society like what he wrote already has happened and can happen again. He compared The Soviet Union and the book 1984 through five comparisons: torture, censorship and propaganda, a big political figure, Vaporizing or killing , and the secret police. While there are other comparisons such as superstates and the party they represent there are other dystopian society that have already happened such as hitler. He used the Joseph Stalins rule over russia to show the comparisons of things that can happen if we dont heed his warning.

Sexual Appeals in Advertising and Their Effects on Consumers Free Essays

string(79) " women are drawn to them, perhaps with the desire of having goddess-like legs\." Sex Appeal is one such method of differentiation that suppliers have found and proven to be successful. By targeting our basic animalistic behaviour, namely the drive for sexual reproduction, firms have found that through a cleverly designed message containing sex appeal, they can attract and hold on to consumers’ attention, thus making it more likely for consumers to choose that particular product over another. On the other hand however,sexual content may not be communicative and might even have a detrimental effect on brand information processing. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Appeals in Advertising and Their Effects on Consumers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using sex appeal in advertising is a time-tested technique that will probably be with us forever. If you are marketing a product or service, you need to be aware of the power of sex appeal in advertising and understand the nuances of using sex to market your wares. What is sex appeal in advertising? Appeals utilizing overt sexual information are common in mainstream consumer advertising. Sex appeal is pervasive in advertising and is used with increasing frequency. As advertisersseek out ways to break through clutter and draw attention to their messages, the use of sexually oriented appeals have been used as a communication technique . Previous research for advertising has documented that sexually oriented appeals are widespread, commonplace, and increasing. Typically, sex appeals have varied along two major dimensions; nudity and sexual explicitness. The escalating usage of sexual stimuli in advertising indicates that companies will advertise in a way that most effectively moves the product. And sex does sell; one only has to browse through popular magazines to realize how powerful a tool sex is. Why Sex Sells: The most obvious reason sex appeal works in advertising is that it grabs attention. Both males and females are attracted to this type of advertising. It is a powerful instinctive attraction that will take our focus from anything else we may be doing. And advertisers know this. They play off of our curiosity. They know that it will be more likely to be recalled than most other forms of appeals because of the generated interest. Also, many advertisers have found that overly controversial images, even if they are taken off of the air, will stir up discussions about the ad and the product associated with it. Even if someone does not agree with what is put on an ad, they are still talking about it. By those discussions being had, the name of your product stays in the minds of consumers longer. What to Be Careful of When Using Sex Appeal in Marketing: Make sure that people are not so distracted by the sexual appeal of the ad that they do not remember what the ad was for in the first place. It does not do any good to create a sensual or sexual message when all they can remember is the image and not the brand name. So, make sure the sexual/sensual image being used is connected in some way to the product or service being promoted. This will create a link between the two and make the viewer much more likely to remember the product or service being advertised. Many advertisers appeal to males in this way- buy the product, get the girl. Especially beer advertisements- generally, a group of average looking guys will be in a bar and by purchasing or drinking a certain brand, they will attract interest from an attractive girl across the room. What is considered acceptable varies from one location to another. In a large metropolitan area with a diverse, less conservative population, you might be more likely to produce more risque advertising versus a rural and conservative or religious community. Tailor the message to the people you are targeting, which includes understanding their feelings and beliefs on public sexuality. If you are setting up a business in a smaller community, make sure to note what other businesses do to advertise. Sex appeal may not be an acceptable form of appeal at all. It is not as attention-grabbing as it once was. There is still an element of surprise, but do not think that people will react or respond quite how they did when it was first being used. As we have become more and more surrounded by sexual images in movies and television, we have become almost desensitized to it, and an ad with half-dressed models does not nearly shock us as much as it would have twenty years ago. So, instead of just having a group of sexy girls or guys in an ad, try to find more subtle and unexpected ways to use sexuality in your message. Dove did this by using â€Å"real people† in their marketing campaigns that started a few years ago. They used the different kinds of beauty, body shape, and age to promote their products. This unexpected campaign, which premiered during the Super Bowl, was extremely successful because it was something different that they were remembered for doing. Sex appeal can be used in many ways. In short, make sure that the way you are using it is appropriate for the product that you are selling and the people you are selling it to. Amy Bax is interested in providing innovative informational resources to entrepreneurs. She is currently an MBA student at the University of Missouri – Columbia. We’re surrounded by advertisements that desperately compete for our attention. Everywhere we look, we find ourselves inevitably drawn to images of scantily clad attractive men and women that are supposed to somehow inspire us to purchase products they endorse. Sure, this attention-getting strategy is popular. Is sex appeal effective? Sex appeal can increase the effectiveness of an ad or commercial because it attracts the customer’s attention. It’s human nature to be curious about sex. A pair of long legs on a billboard is more likely to catch (and hold) a guy’s attention than a puppy, regardless of how cute it may be. Even women are drawn to them, perhaps with the desire of having goddess-like legs. You read "Sexual Appeals in Advertising and Their Effects on Consumers" in category "Essay examples" However, misuse of sex appeal can be costly. Many campaigns deemed offensive have started brand boycotts that affect sales and damage brand reputation. Abercrombie Fitch has been involved in several scandals, the latest from their most recent catalog entitled â€Å"XXX Wet, Hot Summer Fun. † On April 18, 2002, only a week after the catalog hit the stores, the Illinois State Senate passed a resolution condemning AF’s advertising tactics. This resolution, backed by several nonprofit organizations, suggests citizens and shareholders boycott Abercrombie’s products and to take a stand against the company’s marketing strategies. Although sexy images in catalogs are not at all uncommon, â€Å"XXX Wet, Hot Summer Fun† featured naked boys and girls frolicking in natural settings. Not quite appropriate for an apparel catalog targeted at teenagers. Sex in advertising has stirred controversy for many years, an advertiser must be careful when incorporating it in a campaign. Great advertisers consider not only the attention-getting power of an advertisement or commercial, but also what kind of emotional response it provokes in customers. Studies show that the attractiveness of the endorsing model provokes positive responses. Nudity and graphic erotic content, while still increasing consumer’s attention, doesn’t really generate positive feelings among viewers. In other words, advertisers must be careful to avoid the â€Å"cheap shot,† which may negatively affect a brand’s image. To avoid that, the sexual content in advertising must be appropriate to the product category and have a proper underlying message. One spot, called â€Å"The Premature Pour,† shows a beautiful seductive woman pouring Heineken into a glass. When a guy across the bar responds by pouring his own, he nervously pours too fast and spills foam all over the table and himself. The sexual content is implicit, yet direct. The sexual reference in this and other spots in the campaign worked, causing sales to rise 13% in the first two quarters of 2002. However, Steve Davis (VP of marketing in Heineken USA), claims that, â€Å"Provocative is a very good place to be, as long as we’re not inflammatory. But the spots also work for a different reason. From the tag line to the plot, they are about a desire for Heineken. Our ads make the beer the hero. † Sex sells, yes, but only when used â€Å"in good taste. † As marketers we must think not only in getting customers’ attention for the short term, but also in building a brand reputation that will yield long-term results. The positive roles of sex appeal in advertising: One might ask ‘why do advertisers promote sex appeal? ’ The answer in its purest form is thatit works well in most cases and according to Bumler (1999), most advertising executives usesex appeal as the most powerful weapon in their arsenal and therefore they use graphic images to get and hold on to audiences’ attention. From a marketing perspective, sexual appeal maybe advantageous for the simple reason that they prey on basic biological instincts and thus, an incredible motivational factor, which is a desirable attribute to break through clutter. Advertisements that attract attention have the increased likelihood to affect persuasion,especially in a saturated media environment typified by passive viewing exposure. Numerous research studies have revealed that sexual appeal, when used in advertising are attention grabbing, likeable, arousing, effect inducing, memorable, and somewhat more apt to increase interest in the topic advertised in comparison to non-sexual appeal. Sex appeal serves several crucial roles in advertising. Firstly,sexual material in advertising acts as an initial attention lure to the ad, which is referred to asthe stopping power of sex . Attention is a necessary condition for learning, attitudinal change and behavioral effects. A second function of sexual stimuli in advertising is to enhance message recall as sex is arousing, easy to relate, emotion inducing, and most of all, memorable. Finally, the third role of sexual content in advertising is to evoke emotional responses, such as feelings of arousal, excitement, or even lust, which in turn can create stimulation and desire for the product (Bumler 1999). This role may affect the consumer’s mood and can result in favourable cognitiveprocessing of the ad and increase the persuasion impact. Sex appeal in advertising is also effective ineliciting fantasy or expressing the imaginative fulfillment of motives, such as sexual gratification. Latour, Pitts, and Snook-Luther (1990) have provided insight into the emotional impact ofsexual appeals, specifically the level and nature of evoked arousal and attitudes toward theadvertisement and brand. They have found a direct relationship between the positive arousalevoked by sexual appeals and evaluations of the brand. Nonetheless, whether sexual appealelicits a positive or negative reaction depends on the appropriateness to the advertisedproduct. Richmond and Hartman (1982) ascertain that sexual stimuli will enhance brand recallonly if it has an appropriate relationship with the product category and the advertisingexecution. When sex appeal is used inappropriately, such as utilizing it solely as an attentiondevice, exploiting the female body, degrading the female role or insulting propriety, weakbrand recall may occur and may in fact produce a negative attitude towards the brand. This implies that the use of sex appeal in advertising must be appropriate to the type of products eing advertised and when sex appeal is used thoughtfully and appropriately, it may produceacceptable and satisfactory results. Negative effects of sex appeal in advertising: While studies have shown that overt sexual portrayals attract attention to an advertisement, other numerous advertising research have also suggested that inappropriate and excessive use of sexual content can actually have a number of negative effects. Consistently, studies have demonstrated that sexual appeals attract attention to the ad, typically without a corresponding advantage for brand information processing. Sexual content may be eye-catching and entertaining, but it may not be communicative and might distract the viewer from the message. When sexual stimulus is used in advertising, viewers’ perceptual and processing resources are directed toward the sexual information in the ad rather than toward the brand. The use of explicit sexual messages in advertisements may interfere with consumers’ processing of message arguments and brand information, which in turn may reduce message comprehension. Furthermore, initial devices such a sexual stimuli overwhelm the message, and are negatively correlated to both recall and persuasion. Finally, there has been evidence to suggest that overt sexual appeals may have detrimental effects on attitudes toward the ad and brand, and therefore may reduce purchase intention . These findings led MacInnis, Moorman, and Jaworski to advance the proposition that hedonic appeals, such as sexual stimuli, increase motivation to process the ad execution, but largely at the expense of the brand. All of these threaten to act as potential hazards of using sex appeals. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) provides a framework to understand the role of sexual appeals in persuasion (Shimp 2003). According to ELM, persuasion can occur along a continuum of elaboration. Persuasion resulting from extensive issue-relevant thinking isreferred to as central route processing, whereby receivers engage in vigilant examination ofmessage information. As receivers’ motivation, opportunity, and ability decrease, receiversare less likely to engage in systematic elaboration and are consequently more likely to rely onperipheral cues to guide their decision-making. Evidence suggests that this process occurs in response to sexual appeals in advertising (Severn, Belch Belch 1990). It appears that numerous advertising utilizing sex appeal seems to get attention but do little for the advertised product. For instance, Judd and Alexander (1983) found that ads withdecorative female models increase memory for the image in the ad with no difference in actually reading the information of the ad. In particular, nudity and erotic content was found to increase attention to the ad, but not necessarily enhance recall or positive attitudes toward a brand. As a result, sexual appeals stimulate less argument elaboration and connecting thoughts than will non-sexual appeal. Additional evidence also suggests that, as the level of nudity and erotism increase, the intended communication effects either become negative or dissipate. Therefore, despite the persuasiveness of sexual appeals when used in advertisements, it is likely to be the result of peripheral processes and as a result may be transient. In addition to the aforesaid negative effects of advertising, bad uses of sex symbols in advertising may lead to unacceptable perception by audience. The widespread use of sex as an advertising technique has elicited significant consumer protest. On top of that, as clutter increases in advertising, consumers appear to be more able to physically avoid advertising and tune out . For this reason, every advertiser haspragmatic need to stand out. As marketers focus on developing messages that stand out, too many of them forget that their focus should not solely be on the executional devices, but on the core message. In order to investigate the abovementioned discrepancy with regards to the effects of sexual stimuli in advertising, we conducted a short survey on 20 subjects on their perception of ads that exploit sex appeal. The subjects, who consisted of eleven females and nine males, wereasked to browse through five different ads for 20 seconds. Two out of the five ads presented,employ sexual appeal as their core messages. The subjects were then required to answer a series of questions about the attractiveness of the ads and were then asked to recall the brand names. The survey questions, results, and advertisement stimuli are provided in Appendix 1. It was found that one of the ads utilizing sexual appeal (Ad 2) was rated as most appealing by the majority of subjects. Interestingly however, the other ad that displays explicit nudity (Ad) was rated as most unappealing and most subjects were unable to recall the brand name. We therefore concluded that sex appeal in advertising works well, but only if it is appropriate with the product context and within an appropriate level of explicitness. How to cite Sexual Appeals in Advertising and Their Effects on Consumers, Essay examples

The Lottery By Shirley Jackson Essays - Fiction, Style

The Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analyzation encompasses the application of given criteria to a literary work to determine how efficiently that work employs the given criteria. In the analyzation of short stories, the reader uses a brief imaginative narrative unfolding a single incident and a chief character by means of a plot, the details so compresses and the whole treatment so organized, a single impression results. To expose that impression, the reader explores the workings of seven basic criteria. On particular criterion effectively supports the central idea on The Lottery by Shirley Jackson. The author teaches the central idea through the actions of the protagonist in the plot through what the protagonist does or does not do. The author teaches the lesson, the authors idea, and the universal in two ways. Authors idea expresses the authors beliefs or opinions on a particular subject; the author may use a universal truth. A universal truth presents an idea assumed true by the masses worldwide that teaches a lesson based on the interpretation of the universal truth. What the reader learns throughout the story or the lesson consists of two categories, general and specific. General lessons teach the overall lesson in the story; usually a universal truth that speaks of qualities like greed, revenge, love, fear, discrimination, and ignorance. Because primitive peoples meshed much more successfully with the world around them, they became far more sensitive to its needs and rhythms; they made certain that the lessons of passage were powerful and certain to have the desired effect. The rituals were intense, sometimes painful and terrifying. They were assuredly unforgettable. The Grims Brothers, Poor Richards Almanac, and Aesops Fables capture these ceremonies and lessons. The smaller lesson or specific lessons earned through the development of the plot and narrative reach the reader on an individual level from the actions or thoughts of any of the characters. These little lessons within the general lesson teach the reader the main lesson of the story. Despite the timelessness of fables, who remembers the lessons of the past? The Fox and the Grapes teaches us about envy, The Lion and the Mouses message of compassion. Who knows about Little Red Riding Hoods message, the passage from girl- to womanhood. We need to be able to point to someone elses story and say, Ah, yes, I know that feeling. I identify. These specific lessons speak of personal truths even though cloaked in symbols. In The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, the villagers follow tradition without even knowing why the tradition exists. This blind following of the past traditions leads the reader to discover a universal truth. Tradition is the guide of the ignorant. In paragraph thirty-two, lines seven and eight, Old Man Warner states, Theres always been a lottery he said petulantly. In this statement, the reader sees the most ignorant of all excuses for doing anything. This, however, seems normal for the community. In paragraph six, lines three through nine, the reader discovers That much of the ritual had been forgotten or discarded, Mr. Summers had been successful in having slips of paper substituted for the chips of wood that had been used for generations. While reading, the reader starts to understand the lottery tradition from which many rules and regulations disappeared for convenience reasons. This leads the reader to believe that the villagers do not truly understand the origins of the lottery. I n paragraph twenty-nine, lines one through three, Mrs. Jackson states The people had done the lottery so many times that they only half listed to the directions In this passage, the reader learns through the nonchalantness of the villagers actions that an important event does not gander much attention. In paragraph thirty-one lines one through fourteen Old Man Warner snorted. Pack of crazy fools, he said. Listening to the young folks, nothings good enough for them. Next thing you know, theyll be wanting to go back inside caves, nobody work anymore, live that way for a while. Used to be a say saying about Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon. First thing you know, wes all be eating chicken weed and acorns. In this passage, the reader finally understands that even though the world changed around the

West Nile Virus and Likelihood of Contraction essays

West Nile Virus and Likelihood of Contraction essays The West Nile Virus is the big worry this year considering sickness. This virus has swept across the country in the last four years, and has caused much worry among the public. Once the virus is caught there is a chance of death, but what most people dont know is that the chance of fatality is less than 1 percent. There are a few things that people should know about this virus to lessen the worry. They need to know what the virus is, how the virus is transmitted, and the chance of catching or even having symptoms. The West Nile virus was first detected in the United States in New York City in 1999. That first year it caused 62 cases of neurological disease in humans, 7 deaths, and left thousands of birds and horses dead. It was first it was isolated in Africa, and has since then been discovered in Europe and the Middle East along the main bird migration routes that join Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. The strain of the virus that was recently discovered in the United States seems to be closely related to one that was moving around in Israel recently (Craven, 1). This virus is an arbovirus, which means it is carried by arthropods, and is active only during the warmer months of the year which is the time that most mosquitoes will become infected by feeding on infected birds (Craven, 1). There are two dozen species of mosquitoes that can carry the West Nile Virus, but that is out of thousands of species of mosquitoes. Most of the species that do carry the virus do not readily feed on humans (Craven, 1). That shows that the risk of catching the virus from a mosquito is extremely small. Besides being transmitted by mosquitoes, another way of the virus being transmitted has been discovered as being through transplants. This year three transplant patients have been confirmed to have been infected with the West Nile Virus, one of whom died. The woman who died had received many blood transfusions from as ...

How To Make Magnetic Slime

How To Make Magnetic Slime Put a twist on the classic slime science project by making magnetic slime. This is slime that reacts to a strong magnetic field, like a ferrofluid, but its easier to control. Its easy to make, too. Here is what you do: Magnetic Slime Materials   white school glue (e.g., Elmers glue)liquid starchiron oxide powder  rare earth magnets Ordinary magnets are not strong enough to have much of an effect on magnetic slime. Try a stack of neodymium magnets for the best effect. Liquid starch is sold with laundry aids. Iron oxide is sold with scientific supplies and is available online. Magnetic iron oxide powder is also called powdered magnetite. Make Magnetic Slime You could simply mix the ingredients together at once, but once the slime polymerizes, it difficult to get the iron oxide to mix in evenly. The project works better if you mix the iron oxide powder with either the liquid starch or glue first. Stir 2 tablespoons of iron oxide powder into 1/4 cup of liquid starch. Continue stirring until the mixture is smooth.Add 1/4 cup of glue. You can mix the slime together with your hands or you can wear disposable gloves if you dont want to get any black iron oxide dust on your hands.You can play with magnetic slime just like you would with regular slime, plus it is attracted to magnets and is viscous enough to blow bubbles Safety and Clean Up If you wrap the magnets with plastic wrap, you can keep the slime from sticking to them.Clean up slime using warm, soapy water.Do not eat the slime, since too much iron is not good for you.Do not eat the magnets. There is a recommended age listed on magnets for this reason.This project is not suitable for very young children  since they might eat the slime or the magnets. Id aim for ages 5. Ferrofluid is more liquid than magnetic slime, so it forms better-defined shapes when exposed to a magnetic field, while silly putty is stiffer than the slime and can crawl slowly toward a magnet. All of these projects work best with rare earth magnets rather than iron magnets. For a really strong magnetic field, use an electromagnet, which can be made by running an electric current through a coil of wire.

Industrial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Industrial Economics - Essay Example Kenneth J. Cook wrote, "Many small business owners and executives consider themselves at worst victims, and at best observers of what goes on in their industry. They sometimes fail to perceive that understanding your industry directly impacts your ability to succeed. Understanding your industry and anticipating its future trends and directions gives you the knowledge you need to react and control your portion of that industry. However, your analysis of this is significant only in a relative sense. Since both you and your competitors are in the same industry, the key is in finding the differing abilities between you and the competition in dealing with the industry forces that impact you. If you can identify abilities you have that are superior to competitors, you can use that ability to establish a competitive advantage." (Cook, 1995) An industry analysis consists of three most key fundamentals: the causal forces at work in the industry; the on the whole magnetism of the industry; and the critical factors that establish a company's success within the industry. In 1980, Michael E. Porter developed a leading model for analyzing the arrangement of industries. A complete industry analysis necessitates a business owner to make an objective examination of the underlying forces, attractiveness, and success factors that establish the composition of the industry. ... Collecting and evaluating information on competitors is essential for successful strategy formulation. Porter wrote, "Once the forces affecting competition in an industry and their underlying causes have been diagnosed, the firm is in a position to identify its strengths and weaknesses relative to the industry. An effective competitive strategy takes offensive or defensive action in order to create a defendable position against the five competitive forces." (Porter, 1980) The first step in carrying out an industry analysis is to evaluate the impact of Porter's five forces. "The collective strength of these forces determines the ultimate profit potential in the industry, where profit potential is measured in terms of long term return on invested capital," Porter stated. "The goal of competitive strategy for a business unit in an industry is to find a position in the industry where the company can best defend itself against these competitive forces or can influence them in its favor." (Porter, 1980) Beer Industry The beer industry has been seeing a lot of globalization lately, although consumers all around the world continue preferring local brands over the imported ones. Besides, the cost of manufacturing at one place and then shipping to other parts of the world is costlier than brewing it regionally. As the millennium came in, the international brewers began extracting positive cash from their regional acquisitions in the 80s and 90s. The beer industry stands global today. Heinkin and Anheuser Busch, the two giants in the beer industry took drastic and significant steps towards becoming global. These companies either acquire breweries in other countries or contract with them and then brew and

Why we crave horror movies, by Stephen King Essay

Why we crave horror movies, by Stephen King - Essay Example It is a long held belief that only abnormal people can get joy and happiness by watching horror movies. People try to display this belief by reacting with horror at whatever gory happens in the horror movies. Hence, King is right when he argues that horror movies are conservative and reactionary as the horror movies show only those things that are acceptable to human limits of goriness and by doing that, prevents the social approach towards horror from changing. Movies as conservative and reactionary King says that horror movies are conservative as they help people to confirm to themselves and to the world that they are ‘normal’ people as they fear and loath things that horror movies show. According to him, horror movies limit their goriness and ugliness by showing only those things which can be digested by human mind. In doing so, horror movies conform to the social expectations and hence, they remain conservative. King also says that horror movies are reactionary as th ey help people to avoid social change. By that he means that people avoid the social change by refusing to accept their attraction towards the antisocial and gory aspects of their mind. The fact remains that despite of knowing that horror movies are about gory violence, evil spirits, sinister vengeance etc., people still choose to watch the movie. If they had really felt repulsive towards the ugly, gory, violent and disgusting things in life, they would have chosen not to watch the horror movies, which are full of these things. However, horror movies provide only that which can be accepted by the society. Hence, King says that horror movies are reactionary as they oppose social change and reinforces the attitude of ‘normality’ in people. Role of horror movies People find an outlet to their suppressed emotions and antisocial emotions through the horror movie. Their desire to kill, beat, tear apart or bite the hated person is fulfilled through the gory scenes in the horro r movies. Horror movies also work as a representation of human desire to know the deeper aspects of human psyche and the universe. Horror movies serve as a path to the dark side of human mind. People who make horror movies are not machines. They are human beings and part of human society. It is obvious that whatever is shown in the horror movies are the things that they have imagined and thought about. The fact is that the gory, sinister and evil things interest and appeal to the human mind. However, in their waking state and to remain ‘normal’, people push these things to the unconscious. For example, the ideas of ghosts, vengeance after death, exorcism, possession by evil spirit etc., have always appealed to human minds. Sadly, they do not approve these things. They say that these are all imaginations and myths. However, innately they are still curious about it and feel that these can be true. Their fear of darkness, fear of closed rooms, fear of heights etc., show th at human beings do believe in the existence of ghosts and paranormal. However, their rational mind demands proof and scientific approach. Hence, they do not express their curiosity about the paranormal openly. However, their thirst to know the unknown and their excitement is fulfilled through the horror movies. Horror movies serve the craving to know what happens if there are ghosts or devils or evil spirits. They serve the antisocial aspects of the society and hence, also give an outlet to the abnormal and antisocial emotions suppressed inside the unconscious. By doing so horror movies serve the society as it saves people from exploding their emotions in the society. There are

Symbolism Interpretation of Marriage Rites: Kom Marriage

Symbolism Interpretation of Marriage Rites: Kom Marriage ABSTRACT This paper will take a look at kom traditional marriage rites and the four stages the constitute the actual marriage in Kom. It will begin by citing where Kom is situated, the various 8 satellite villages that made up the Kom tribe, which are Achain, Akei, Baiso, Baicham, Bueni, Mbesinaku, Mbenkas and Mejang. How they perceived marriage, how marriage is practiced in this society. This ethnographic work will also look at the four stages of marriage in this community which comprises of courtship, Si Lun Ibi ( to ask for Kola- which means ask the girls hand for marriage), Ndo Wi ( the house of the wife) and finally the actual traditional marriage which is the Ncha Wi ( the chains of the wife). During the course of collecting data I will take in to consideration the symbolic interpretation of marriage rites during the four stages of marriage particularly the use of imagery. The paper will also focus on the importance of marriage and the factors that prohibits marriage in this society. La stly, the paper will look at the socio cultural evolution of marriage in kom, trying to compare the past and present marriage, the effect on the Kom tradition and its individuals. Also the ways of over coming transgressors involved in this marriage To effectively carry out and communicate this ethnographic work, different sources and techniques will be used to collect and analyze the data respectively. Different secondary source will be efficiently utilized. As regards primary sources, field trips, interviews, direct observations, questionnaires and other methods used to carry out ethnographic research will be exploited, the use of native narration. Finally, data will be analysed with the use of both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Tables, percentages, charts and graphs will be used after sorting, classify analyzing and interpreting the data. INTRODUCTION Marriage in Kom is believed to be the oldest social body that has ever existed invented by man. Marriage ceremony in Kom consuetude four stages and a series of rites, these rites are very symbolic in traditional marriage process.Marriage in kom begins with secret seeing between the boy and the girl until they have decided to make it official for their families. The union of man and woman in Kom compulsorily begins with introduction which is not a form of marriage but the path to marriage; this is the very first step which makes marriage as institution. A man or woman can obtain a prestigious traditional title when he/she is married. This goes alongside with three important aspects that accompanied marriage. Wain (a child), ifuonjini (food) iyamngvin (the jungle animal). These three Kom three fingers are very important any married couples lives in that a successful family must have children food and the head of the family must be strong to defend and protect and fend for the family. W hile the woman must provide food take care of the children and be strong as the jungle animal to carryout her matrimonial duties. Marriage in Kom can either be polygamous or monogamous it depends on the individual concerned. Apart from the traditional marriage which comprises of three main phrases of which families choose either to do all or just one, there are also some other forms of marriages the civil marriage, and the religious marriages. These two other marriages are choices of families thus; they are not of traditional importance to the Kom society. What can be defined as a marriage procedure is the marriage rite which plays an important role in marriage ceremony. With the absence of these rites the marriage procedure is considered fruitless. As time is passing by the Kom people have experienced evolution in marriage procedure and rites, that is why this paper will seek to find out while marriage have evolved? What have caused the evolution? and the effect of it on traditional marriage rites and Kom tradition as a whole which the people see it as problematic to their culture. PROBLEM STATEMENT In matrilineal societies like kom bride-wealth is not transferred because the children belong to the wifes clan or lineage and will inherit from their mothers group the husbands heirs are his sisters children, and not his own children who instead inherit from his wifes brothers, their maternal uncles. In Kom tradition, the groom is asked to pay bride price in cash and in material form like the various drums of oil, meat fire wood and host of other subsidiaries. This huge demands scared many young men from marrying. Some migrate and work in the plantations for year to get the necessary items for marriage, this make most of them to marry late since they have to work for years to obtain what will be demanded from them by their prosperous in laws. Another factor that hinders marriage is the cultural notion of witchcraft, the period given to the grooms family to wait, is usually the time the brides family consults a diviner to know the social background of the groom. The things they always look for are witchcraft, murderer, illness like madness, and mysterious death. When any of these ills are found they proposal will be turned down. The fact that marriage at times is strategic it is a problem to these people because background survey must be done to accord marriage which means it is not based on love. Intercultural marriages are also a hindrance to marriage in Kom, parents do not allow their child to marry out of the tribe because some cultural ideologies. For example daughters and sons are no suppose to get married to Bayangi tribe this because the tribe is noted for sorcery. A kom daughter or son that does this, invites evil into the tribe thus some people remain unmarried because the only companion suitable for marriage is from this tribe. Forceful marriages also hinders to marriage, in this society people are forced to marry because of poverty. For example the familys only way to recover its investment in a daughter may be to have her married in exchange for a dowry. Some fathers forced their daughters into marriages with men wealthy enough to give cattle, goats and money; in some cases the father owns the responsibility to get a wife for his first son. Thus he forces his girl child to a man who will pay her bride wealth so that it can be transferred to his sons wife. The preference of the individual is considered insignificant, in this situation even if the marriage holds it does not last for long, the couple end up in devoice. Education brings about class segregation in the society, people who are educated go for educated partners for marriage .Those who suffer the weight of this cultural practice are the females, and there is the problem of discrepancies in social values: some parents, especially in Kom, prefer sending only their male children to school and keeping the females at home. They argue that female education is a bad investment, the educated female child would later grow up and marry into another family, and so all her education would only benefit her husband and her new family. With modernity these girls suffer a set back in marriage because they educated men go looking for learned women even out of the tribe. RESEARCH QUESTION To what extent has the socio cultural evolution of marriage affected traditional marriage rites and Kom culture? With respect to this main research question the following specific questions can be asked. What is marriage to a Kom man? Why do people marry? Who is entitled to marriage? What age is one suppose to get married? Is marriage same today as the past? What are the changes? What are the causes of these changes? What are the impacts of these changes on marriage? OBJECTIVES To answer the above questions, the following objectives shall be considered. Specific objectives To point out the evolution of traditional marriage rites from past to present To assess the effect of evolution on Kom culture To investigate the strategies they are using to maintain these rites Finally to evaluate the positive effects of evolution in this institution of marriage. METHODOLOGY This investigation will be carried out in different parts of the eight satellites villages that make up the Kom kingdom. The methodology use will be divided into two parts; data collection and data analysis. Data and Information Collection Data for ethnographic work will be collected from primary and secondary sources Acquisition of Secondary data Data will be collected from both published and unpublished secondary sources. They will include documents and relevant web sites on the Internet. These documents will include textbooks, archives, dissertations thesis, journals, periodicals, magazine and native narratives. Acquisition of Primary Data This will involve fieldwork. Fieldwork constitutes a major source of data in anthropological research. That is field trips, interviews, direct observations and questionnaires. This will be in light to obtain information symbolic interpretation of marriage rites different parts of the eight villages. Approximately 130 people will be interviewed, random sampling methods will be used to interview those concerned. This will be accomplished by informal interviews and interaction with the main actors. Participant observation will not be lift out since this will help to get first hand information on how the marriage rites is being carried out. This information will be collected with respect to the social, cultural and historical perspective of the tribe Data Analyses After collecting these data, it is going to be sorted, classified, analyzed and interpreted. The data will be analysed with the use of both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Tables, percentages, charts and graphs will be used. DELINEATION RESEARCH DOMAIN Thematic Delineation of Research Domain Marriage is a social, religious and traditional legal union of individuals that creates kinship. It is the oldest institution which can be found in every human culture, although the forms and rules differ either polygamy, monogamy etc. All traditional marriages ceremonies have rites that give it a special grandeur. These rites are having symbolic meaning attached to the people of a particular culture. The word symbolic comes from the word symbol which can be anything such as objects, picture, sound, sign, mark, or any gesture that represents a different meaning, for example cam wood symbolises blood or danger and white stands for purity. Therefore, symbolism is the ironical representation of something that carries a particular meaning. Marriage rites are all symbols and meaning of different things in different cultural context. Evolution is simply the act of change from one stage to another for example the change of traditional marriage rite from past to present. Geographical and Socio-Cultural Delineation of Study Area Kom is one of 250 indigenous ethnic groups or tribe of Cameroon which is situated about is 50 miles from the North West capital of Bamenda. There almost 126,000 inhabitants with an area of about 300 square miles. Kom is found in Boyo division with its administrative capital Fundong. It has three sub divisions Belo, Njinikom and Bum. There are 8 satellites villages that make up this tribe Achain, Akei, Baiso, Baicham, Bueni, Mbesinaku, Mbenkas and Mejang. The people speak Itaing Ikom as their language; it is the only unique tribe in the province that practice matrilineal line of descend where succession and marriage enthronement lies in the mother line. LITERATURE REVIEW Traditional marriage is a very interesting topic and has been of great concern to researchers and writers. They have tried to know what married is all about, those involved in married, the rites performed during traditional marriage that identify as members of that community, and the problems they face in married. They are also seeking to identify some proposed solutions to these problems. The works of these researchers or writers will be analyzed in regard to this ethnographic research work in the subsequent paragraph. According by the (Journal of Religion and Science Published 15 2005 @2010 by the joint publication Board of Zygon, rituals serves to express those cosmic beliefs not for the scientific purpose of explaining or controlling the cosmos but for the existential purpose of giving human beings a placein it. This journal points out that it expresses beliefs about society not only by keeping human beings in their social place but giving them a social place. The traditional rite perform during traditional marriage in Kom gives the couple concern a place in the society of Kom. It gives them the base to perfom other rituals within their marriage and out of the marriage unit also thus it gives them a wider place in the social unit in the society. (Jayaram V @2000-2010 Hinduwebsite.com). He potrays the marriage rite perfom by the Hindu society during traditional wedding, the fire ceremony ( homam). The sacred fire is lit and the priests chant sacred mantras offering obligations to various gods to make marriage a succes and bless the couple. This is in line with the Komtraditional marriage rite where fire is the only objectthat lits the house when the bribe is being bnrought forward to the would be family. This rite symbilse unity and love between the two families, to the Kom people is the source of food and food brings love and unity to families andthe society at large. (John Wall 2000 ) in his writing states that marriage is a sacrament of marital love which finds its further expression in parents love for fruit of their sexuality. This was the case in Kom in the past, marriage was considered to be fruitful if their union was blessed with children. Today, this statement is far fetch people get married not because the want to get children but because they have some other particular strings attached to it for wealth and adventure. Thus children are not really important in marriage in kom as compare to the past. You can find a family without children, therefore marriage as a sacrament of marital love which finds its further expression in parents love for their sexuality is barely exist. (Kramers K Gthinji 2008 ) view point about traditional marriage , is a marriage between between a man and woman which is the most acceptable form of marriage in the society. To him traditional marriage conforms to the traditional culture and religion and this can be polygamy or monogamy. These marriage categories is cultural accepted by it depends on individual to chose which type of marriage to go in to. In Kom polygamy was the highly practiced marriage this was because a large family means wealth. Those who could not afford enough to go for many wives practiced monogamy. With the evolution of time and modernity,marriage in this society is monogamy people hardly do go for polygamous marriages again. CONCLUSION Marriage is a union between people and it is the oldest institution that has ever existed since from creation when God created man woman as husband and wife. Marriage should be based on love it should not be a trade where human beings are sold as commodities as the case of bride price, where men are tasked to pay higher bride price if the bride is educated. Some traditional rites should be modernised, traditional leaders should put a moderate price for bride price and a fixed amount of material goods for this purpose if only if the goods are of important to the marriage. Some rite should be kept out of the scene of marriage. In a nut shell marriage rituals are good because they attaches a lot important to marriage, some of them are prayers for a fruitful marriage. The evolution of marriage its rite has played a very tremendous role in the Kom society both positively and negatively. REFERENCES Carol Ann Muller 1999: Rituals of Fertility and the Sacrifice of Desire. Nazarite Womens Performance in South Africa. Publishing House .the University of Chicago Press Chicago and London. J.L Comaroff 1980: The Meaning Of Marriage Payment. Linda.S Cordell, Stephen J. Beckerman 1980: The Versality of Kinship Roy Willis 1975: The Interpretation of Symbolism. S.E Smith 2006: Marriage Past and Present, Future? Pro Devisch Rennat 2008/2009 Course Document. Wayne Jackson July 28, 2004: As Designed by God. Goody, Jack, and S. J. Tambiah. 1973. Bride wealth and Dowry. Cambridge, U.K.:Cambridge University Press. J. L. Cmaroff 1980: The Meaning of Marriage Payment. Kuper, Adam. 1982. Wives for Cattle: Bride wealth and Marriage in Southern Africa. Meyer Fortes 1972: Marriage in the Tribal Societies Sheila Ellison 2000: The courage to Be a Single Mother: Becoming Whole Again after Divorce. S E Smith 2006: Marriage past, and present, future. Wayne Jackson, July 28 2004: Marriage As Designed by God Maggie Gallagher, 2001: What is marriage for? Public purposes or Marriage Law.

Freefall and Projectile Motion

Freefall and Projectile Motion Introduction and Objectives This lab experiment was done to determine the characteristics of free fall and projectile motion in Physics. The motion in which a body is thrown or projected is called Projectile motion while free fall is any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it, at least initially. In this experiment, a photogate, a chopper, and a Universal Lab Interface were used to determine the free fall motion of the chopper as it was released. A ball, carbon paper, and an L-shape projector were also used to determine the range of projectile motion of a ball being released from a horizontal yet slightly vertical slope. At the end of the experiment, one will know how velocity and time affect the acceleration of a free falling object and its projectile motion. Thoery Aristotle stated in his theory of motion that the fall of a heavy object toward the center of the earth is a natural motion because the object is just returning to its natural place. He also stated that heavy objects fall faster than lighter ones because increase in the rate of motion is proportional to the weight of the object. Galileo’s theory states that the when a ball was rolled down an inclined plane at fixed angle? ; the ratio of the distance covered to the square of the corresponding time was always the same, but that when the angle of inclination is changed, the constant also changes but remains the same for the same angle. The constant d/t2 is also the constant for falling object (refers to the acceleration due to gravity). The experimental range used in the experiment is 45 cm, and the expression of the range of the projectile was found in terms of Vg and h. The horizontal distance traveled by the projectile for the total time of flight is given simply by R=vxt where t is the total time of flight and vx is the constant horizontal velocity. The time of flight was found using the equation for vertical motion, which is y=yi + viyt-1/2gt^2. After each experiment, the Logger Pro software determined the curve of the time vs velocity graph to determine which had a better Linear fit, either the Quadratic or the Linear curve. http://physicse-book8. blogspot. com/) Results and Discussion A. Free fall Motion Trial NumberAcceleration Value (m/s^2) 119. 32 219. 46 319. 57 419. 61 520. 58 Ave acceleration (m/s^2)19. 71 The quadratic curve proved to give a better fit because the points formed a curved line and are constantly increasing. The percentage error calculated . 56. This is because the heights from where the picket fence was dropper was different in every trial. B. Projectile Motion Highest Point TrialDistance (m)Velocity (m/s) 1. 455. 98 2. 461. 04 3. 435. 97 4. 435. 96 . 441. 01 Mid-Point TrialDistance (m)Velocity (m/s) 1. 365. 79 2. 36. 793 3. 365. 78 4. 368. 78 5. 358. 79 Conclusion This lab experiment proved helpful in understanding free fall. It was shown that under the influence of gravity, an object falls on its own with its velocity accelerating at a constant pace. It is said that when the only force acting on an object is the Earth’s gravitational force,it is in free fall. There cannot be any other force acting upon it, especially air resistance, which should either be absent or ignored by its minute size. The force of gravity on an object is nearly constant when the object in free fall is near the earth’s surface. Because of this, the object accelerates downward at a constant rate. This acceleration is usually represented with the symbol g. In this experiment, a precise timer was connected to the computer and a Photogate was used to measure the acceleration due to gravity. â€Å"The Photogate has a beam of infrared light that travels from one side to the other. It can detect whenever this beam is blocked. † A Picket Fence or a chopper, a piece of clear plastic with equally spread out black sections on it, was dropped. As the Picket Fence passes through the Photogate, the computer will measure the time from the leading edge of one bar blocking the beam until the leading edge of the next bar blocks the beam. † This timing continues as all eight bars pass through the Photogate. From these measured times, the program will calculate the velocities and accelerations for this motion and graphs will be plotted. http://www. waukeshasouth. com/physics1/photo. html http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Picket-Fence-Free-Fall/567967

The Importance Of Electric Computers - 714 Words

Around the time I was five, my parents decided to invest in an electric keyboard. My brother and I were captivated by this new, mysterious box, and were insistent on an immediate opening. Over the next few minutes, the keyboard was pieced together, and everyone gathered around to gaze upon the masterpiece. The night wore on, and the excitement wore off. The masses migrated to the other room and my brother scurried away to play with more interesting toy. After a few dissonant keys cut their way through the air, a perfectly played rendition of â€Å"Fur Elise† could be heard gracefully floating into the other room. At my father’s revelation that his daughter must be a musical genius, he jumped to his feet, and rushed into the room to greet the†¦show more content†¦An average jock playing in the NFL makes $1.9 million. The millennial youtuber makes a wide salary range, but is definitely portrayed as being wealthy. The popular, preppy people have probably just gon e and married some rich doctor with his/her own private island. In addition this major skewing of the representation of the average, we often see a photoshopped, an extremely built, or an excessively altered body as an average body. Point being, no representation of average depicted by the media is actually the true, scientific average. What does this overload of information mean for us? Does the time I spent researching all of this information mean anything? Well, If i was speaking to a group of political science peeps the numbers would mean a lot,but we are not. At least, I am not, but I am a highschool student, and highschool student are always portrayed as teenagers â€Å"who just want to fit in†. The media portrays this by telling us that in order to do this we need to become the average which we have already discussed isn’t actually the average. 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Romanticism A Literary And Artistic Movement - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 947 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Romanticism Essay Did you like this example? Romanticism was a literary and artistic movement that emphasized individualism by inspiring a social change. It was considered a period that increasingly portrayed new, mass cultural views, such as emphasizing an individualrs ability to remove themselves from a restricting society. Writers, such as Walt Whitman, Edgar Allen Poe, and Fanny Fern, used their works to draw attention to how individuals fit into their society. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Romanticism: A Literary And Artistic Movement" essay for you Create order They contributed to the Romantic Era by acknowledging the relationship between social or political events and the emotional attachment that individuals have towards them. Therefore, the following writers and their literary works expose the individualistic rights of people, as opposed to being subjected to the whims of society. Imagination is a significant quality in Romantic literature. This helped to hone in on the emotional aspect of individualism. Walt Whitman used this creative technique in his poem, Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night. Whitman explored the bond between two comrades who each faced loss. In doing so, he also explored the idea that some situations limit how people can, and should, act in society. In the second line of the poem, the narrator states, When you my son and my comrade dropt at my side that day (1454). This shows that the narrator viewed his comrade as family because the war brought them together. It also tells that the son was injured and that the narrator Found you in death so cold dear comrade (never again on earth responding) (1454). This exposed two losses The one man lost his life and the other lost his dear friend and loved one. Further, the Vigil of silence, love and death, was during the night in starlight. The stars portray a light in the darkness, ab ove all the destruction of war. This poem is of a Romantic time because it illustrates the celebration of love, but also notes the discrepancy between private and public moments through symbolic representation. Finally, the abrupt way that the poem ended emphasize that society tends to overtake individuals in society, but the vigil itself portrays the united stance that people can take even if it romanticizes the war. Whereas Whitman portrayed lightness, following destruction, in his poem, Poe portrayed the darkness of the Romantic period as a whole. His work was associated with the subgenre Gothic literature. This subgenre included elements of emotion through ideas such as fear, isolation, illness, and superstitions. One of Poers most popular short-stories, The Tell-Tale Heart, captured the insane characteristic of the narrator through the concept of isolation. This individual was considered unique because he did not follow the mainstream societal views. This story, also, acknowledged the anxiety of society during this time period regarding the increasingly popular views that favored independence and individualism. Therefore, one of the most significant aspects of the narrator in The Tell-Tale Heart is the way that he is trapped within his mind, which portrays the fear of individualrs standing out against society the internal self versus the external self. An example of the narratorrs str uggle with sanity, [V]ery, very dreadfully nervous I had been, and am I heard all things in heaven and in the earth observe how healthily- how calmly I can tell you the whole story (1186-87). Right from the start, he contradicts himself by acknowledging how nervous he was, to hearing supernatural things, and then believing himself able to tell his story in a collected manner. Further, his reason for grotesquely murdering an innocent individual in this story was illogical. He claimed it was due to his eye! He had the eye of a vulture, and contrary idea that the man never wronged me. He had never given me an insult, the narrator still murdered him as though he had (1187). This establishes the sin in which an individual illustrated by being unique, or in the narratorrs case, insane. His guilt overcame him by the end of the story which concluded in him confessing to his crime because he believed he was hearing the manrs heartbeat under the boards. This represents societyrs stance over an individual, which meant that it attempts to control the individual and oppress their uniqueness (sin). Similar to the works of Whitman and Poe, Fanny Fern used her works to emphasize the need for individualism. However, her work A Law More Nice than Just, focused solely on acquiring womenrs rights. In this way, she revealed the unequal, patriarchal society that dismissed womenrs activism. She used humor to lighten controversial issues she exposed in her work. For example, in her column, she criticizes a recent news article that specifies a woman had just been arrested for wearing menrs pants. She offers a humorous story in response about wearing her ?husbands pants because it was a lot easier in the rain. She states, Ill do it, said I Do what? asked Mr. Fern Put on a suit of your clothes and take a tramp with you (1216). She continues by emphasizing the husbandrs hysterical laughter about the matter, which acted as a representation of the absurdity society felt about such direct change. This story acknowledged the unjustified laws that women encountered, showing that both s hould be considered equal. This story also showed that the laws reflected the customs of society, further acting on past stereotypes, as Fern tries to accomplish new standards for womenrs independence. Through each of these literary works, Whitman, Poe, and Fern all try to advocate individualism. They use them as a means to reflect on the relationship between the individual and society by suing emotional elements and imagination. Each represents that individuals have the ability to remove themselves from the restrictions that society poses on their attempts of social and independent change.